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Aug 30, 1500
Land Bridge
The first humans to arrive in North America arrived here via land the land bridge that ran between north eastern Asia and modern day Alaska. Due to the ice age those humans were stuck on the western side of the continent. Some 10,000 years later the ice age ended and they were all over the continent including Quebec. -
Period: Aug 30, 1500 to
population
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Sep 9, 1500
Slavery
Slavery made a change in the complexion of the population of Canada.
Natives were involved with slave trade.
During French rule, slaves were in few numbers and were used as servants, farm workers and artisans. -
Sep 14, 1500
Relations with Aboriginals
The arrival of the French changed aboriginal people's way of life.
Alliances were made for trade.
Aboriginal population dropped from disease and war.
Europeans learned how to survive winter and to eat corn, pumpkins and maple syrup.
Natives learned how to make tools and foods like salt and bread but suffered from alcohol and disease. -
Aug 30, 1534
Jaques Cartier
Jaques Cartier sailed to North America for the king of France. His goals were to find a route to Asia, riches and gold, and claim land for the king of France. He found one of those 3 things being land. He also found lots of fish, timber, and furs. 1534- Explores and mapped the gulf of St. Lawrence.
1535- Sailed up the St. Lawrence to reach Quebec. The natives showed them how to survive winter and scurvy.
1541- Attempted to set up a colony and fails. France looses interest for 60 years. -
First permanent settlement in NF
In 1605 the king of France attempted to establish the first permanent settlement in modern day Nova Scotia called Port Royale. It failed due to its position. In 1608-09 Samuel Champlain establishes the permanent settlement in North America near Stadaconna called NF. -
Seigneurial Regime
The Seigneurial Regime was a method of land division in New France.
The king would give large plots of land to Seigneurs whom then distributed the land among peasants. The land was maintained and lived on by the peasants. Both the Seigneurs and peasants had duty's for the other like paying tax, giving land and fighting in case of war. -
Jean Talon
He wanted anyone immigrating to NF except the for the Protestants. Soldiers were offered free land if they stayed in N.F. after service.
Minor criminals were brought over.
Files du roi (Orphan Girls). whom were QUICKLY married
Money was given to couples who married young.
Fathers of unmarried girls got fined and men over 21.
The population increased rapidly 3,000 to 70,000 people in 107 years. -
Composition of the population
Natural migratory movements changed the formation of the population.
Like the distribution of people.
Vast majority of people where men.
Population composed of Europeans, Aboriginals and slaves.
The social hirarchy was: nobility bourgeosie, and peasants -
BRITISH REGIME 1
When the British took over only the very wealthy French left NF. The population was 99% French and 1% English.
From 1763, British immigration happened, first to come where the business men looking for profit -
Loyalists
36,000 loyalists to Maritimes and 6,000 loyalists West of Montreal.
The English population of Quebec increases from 1% to 10%.
They used the Township system. -
british regime 2
From 1791, measures to encourage immigration like giving land to companies are now in affect. -
British regime 3
1812: discouraging of American immigration in Upper Canada.
1840: encouragement of immigration. -
Irish imigration
Irish immigration was due to the Irish Potato Famine.
Conditions were difficult in crossing the ocean and disease spread.
Quarantine station at Grosse-Ile was mandatory for all ships after arrival. -
Emigration
Emigration to the United States and the West took its toll on the formation of the population.
Overpopulation of the seigneuries lead to emigration.
Emigration to the United States from about 1840 was since there where more opportunities in the USA. -
Population comp
French-Canadian remained the majority due to their high birth rate.
English-speakers are growing because of waves of immigration. -
Urban pop
Rural exodus.
Development of working class
Urban and rural populations switch.
Spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city -
Immigration policies
Sharing federal/provincial powers for immigration under the BNA in 1867.
Immigrant recruitment to populate Canada with use of land grants and handing over of land to rail companies to settle the west.
Waves of immigration following crisis.
Discriminatory immigration policies until the end of the Second World War. -
Aboriginals
Indian Act (1876).
Aboriginal claims to do with resource exploitation and the government.
In the summer of 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The Oka crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict. -
Pop
The French Canadians remain in the majority.
population diversifies since 1945.
