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The Mayans, Aztecs, and the Incas in south America were the largest and most powerful among the Natives in South America. Much of the settlements were built by these people. They built remarkable cities with incredible organized societies.
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This was when the voyage, lead by Christopher Columbus, from Europe was taken and the "new World" was found. Though people on the land, the Spanish colonized and claimed the land.
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With the arrival of Columbus, he brought many things to the New World from Europe. These included many new animals, plants, diseases and technological advances. These all shaped the continent in time.
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Spain and Portugal, trying to solve their disputes over the North and South American land claims, turned to the pope. The pope drew a line and then moved it a few degrees to the west and signed this treaty to settle peace.
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Millions of Africans were stolen from their homes in their homelands by the Europeans and taken to the New World. They were made slaves to work for the colonized land in the Americas. They are the ones who built America.
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Lead by Martin Luther, this was a strike against the Catholic Religion and the Pope's unruly power. Had many followers in which all believed that the pope was taking advantage of the religious followers as they would have to pay if they sinned etc.