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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
New France
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Oct 3, 1535
Jacques Cartier explores the St. Lawrence River.
-Jacques Cartier explores the St Lawrence River in hopes in finding a passage of trade to the Oreint.
- Iroquois cheif Donnaconna told Jacques that there is valuable metal in the Kingdom of Saguenay -
Jul 4, 1543
The King of France, Francois I appoints Jacques Cartier for a voyage fro exploration.
- The King wanted Jacques tof ind a trade route to the Oreint so that French traders to ship silks and other fine goods to Europe and to find valuable gems and metals (i.e. silver and gold) to help France become rich.
- Jacques arrived in Newfoundland three weeks later -He set up a large cross claiming this land for France in late July
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Samuel de Champlain crosses the Atlanic Ocean
- Samuel de Champlain founded a settlement in the name of France
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The Ursuline Nuns arrived in Quebec
- Marie l'incration created the ursuline mission, it was on of the strongesst parts of the Catholic Chruch in Quebec
- The Ursuline Nuns built schools and convents for girls (the schools in New France were for boys only), the schools accepted both French and First Nation girls
- These schools taught girls how to read, write as well as homemaking and arithmetic
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Louis de Buade becomes Governor of New France
- He was a sucessful military officier
- He was recalled to France in 1682 for often arguing with the intendant and the bishop
- In 1689, he returned to New France, to create peace, he held back the Iroquois and expanded the fur trade of New France by attacking the Britich settlements
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Francois de Laval becomes the first bishop of New France
- The pope had given Francois the job of organizing the aspects of church work in New France -
The War of the Spanish Sucession
- This war was fought to prevent France from invading Spain and their colonies
- It led to France's loss of Acadia
- This war led to the Treaty of Utrecht
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The Treaty of Utrecht
- This treaty signed over Acadia, the Hudson Bay and Newfoundlad to the Britsh, They became Britsh colonies
- Ile Royale ( Cape Breton) was kept by the French
- France gave up Acadia to keep Guadeloupe and Martinique because those colonies produced sugar, which was valuable
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The Seven Years' War Begins
- This war was fought between the Britsh and the French
- The Seven Years' war was the climax of the fighting between the French and the Britsh.
- The Britsh led a three pronged attack on France, they attcked Louisburg, the Ohio Valley and Quebec
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The Britsh captured New France's Fort Louisburg
- The fortress was destroyed by the British, they thought that the large fort would be a threat to them as they attacked New France
- This made the St. Lawerance river open to the invasion of the British.
- 200 British ships landed outside of the fort, the battle lasted for about 60 days
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The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
- The Britsh used the 'thin red line' in this battle
- British general James Wolfe postitioned his troops in the middle of where the French were, at Beauport Shore and in the town. The French general, Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm decided to attack the Britsh without waiting for renforcements fomr Beauport. The battle lasted about 15 minutes with the Britsh turning out victorius.
- Both generas, Wolfe and Montcalm died in this battle
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The Treaty of Paris and the end of The Seven Years' War
- The treaty was the end of the Seven Years' War. -The Royal Proclaimation stated the changes that the Britsh are to make, this includes: ensuring the use of Britsh laws, institutions, religon and customs were used in Quebec, making Quebec smaller as well as preventing the fur traders of Montreal to trade in the west and allowing Natives to continue with their trade and hunting in the Ohio Valley
- New France remained a Britsh colony at the end of this war