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Henry and Nams timeline
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Henry II becomes King of England and holder of more than half the lands in France. He rules until 1189, and his Plantagenet descendants will continue through Richard II until 1399. Henry II's court will be a center of literature, learning, history, philosophy, poetry, and theology.
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The Boshin War was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa Shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court.
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Henry II promotes Thomas a Becket to the position of Archbishop of Canterbury. Soon after, Thomas a Becket begins to quarrel with Henry II over ecclesiastical legal rights.
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Constitutions of Clarendon restate laws governing the trial of church officials in England. Becket is forced to flee to France.
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William the Lion, sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, reigned as King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707, (James VI's was the longest 1567–1625). He became King following his brother Malcolm IV's death on 9 December 1165 and was crowned on 24 December 1165.
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Henry II reaches reconciliation with Thomas a Becket, allowing him to return to England. When Becket is in Canterbury, he is murdered by four knights (Richard Brito, Hugh de Morville, William Tracy, and Reginald Fitzurse) after Henry asks in a temper, "Will no man rid me of this meddlesome priest?"
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Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine leads Henry's eldest sons, Henry, Richard, and Geoffrey, in a plot to overthrow King Henry II. The plot fails.
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Saladin, in addition to his position as vizier of Egypt, becomes supreme sultan over Muslim forces fighting against the Christian crusaders.
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Philip II becomes ruler of France. Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 to 1223, and the first to be called by that title.
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Philip II banishes the all Jews from France.
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Sancho I becomes ruler of Portugal. He remains king until 1211
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Richard I (Richard Lionheart or Coeur de Lion) eldest surviving son of Henry II, becomes ruler of England. He will be king until 1199
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Richard Lionheart captures Jaffa, fashions a peace-treaty with Saladin. On the way home to England, he is captured by his enemy, Duke Leopold of Austria.
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Death of Saladin.
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The death of Emperor Henry VI in Germany causes outbreaks of civil war in the Holy Roman Empire.
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Death of Richard Lionheart. John Lackland, youngest son of Henry II, becomes ruler of England. His inept rule will continue until 1216 and will be a period of corruption, political decay, and diminishing British power.
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Morocco's Muslim government grants special privileges to Jews in order to encourage trade and education.
