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Hazaart Abu bakar was the first ruler who rightly managed everything for a year. Then hazarat Umar who was a very good conqueror, conquered Persia, Egypt, north Africa and a lot of byzantine empire. Hazarat uthman sucseeded hazarat umar. He ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran and his reign started from 644 till 656. Hazarat Ali started 656 till 661.
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The rule started from Amir muawiya and made many great accomplishments like the conquering of Spain and building many hospitals and mosques.
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The golden age started from here and many knowledge was accumulate during their rule like the bait ul hikmah and many knowledge being converted into Arabic. They also conquered and shifted to Bagdad.
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They were based in egypt and there empire went till east arabia till moroco to west
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They were turko persian muslims who were mainly based in turkey. They conquered turkey and persiann gulf.
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The dynasty was founded by nuruddin zengi and was know for its famous ruler Salahuddin al ayubi, He ruled over Egypt, Syria and Mesopotamia.
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Mamluk was a slave dynasty and they covered syria, egypt and Palestine.
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This empire was founded by osman 1 and was very succesful conquering east and west. Osman dynasty started after he over threw the seljuqs and captured many places till east and north
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One of the most famous rulers were babur, akbar and the great builder architect sha jha haan. Babur was a great tacticianist and captured Hindustan after many battles and was now looking to conquer more of the subcontinent and other places.