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King Charles Vll of France invaded Italy, began a series of wars because France and Spain fought for control over the Italian Peninsula. -
Scotland preacher John Knox but Calins ideas to work. Spread Calvinism around Scotland -
Luther wrote the 95 theses which were formal statements against Tetzel's actions. -
forbid anyone from sheltering or feeding Martin Luther -
Peasants were mad because they had high taxes and lack of power. a large number of German peasants stormed castles and monasteries, this rebellion known as Peasants' War. -
Zwingli's reforms were adopted in Zurich and other cities, this caused a bitter war between Swiss Protestants and Catholics. -
Anabaptists viewed as radicals and started to be persecuted, fled and settled in Münster and ruled for a little. -
The right of Henry Vlll overall head of the Church of England. -
More remained Catholic and refused to take oath, so Henry had him arrested and imprisoned, found guilty of high treason and executed. -
A book that expressed ideas about God, salvation and human nature. Humans cannot earn salvation -
Focused on founding and teaching schools in Europe, convert non Christians to catholicism, and stop the spread of Protestantism. -
To fight Protestantism,Catholic church created church court called Roman Inquisition. Main purpose was to impose religious uniformity, especially to converted Muslims, Jews and later Protestants. -
Where Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines: Churches interpretation of the Bible was final, Christians needed faith and good works for salvation, Bible and church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life, indulgences are valid expression of faith but cannot sell them. -
Famous religious settlement where German princes agreed that each ruler would decide a religion of his state. -
Return kingdom to Protestantism, and set up the England church called Anglican church which brought Catholic and pretests into the same church. -
Much hatred between Catholics and Huguenots which led to violence. the worst fight was the Catholic Feast of St. Bartholomew's Day, Catholic mobs would hunt down Protestants and kill them, massacres spread and lasted 6 months, many Huguenots killed. -
Huguenots leader Henry of Navarre converted to catholic, ended the fights, Henrys Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to Protestants.