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King Charles VII of France invaded Italy. Started many wars. Artists fled to north bringing techniques and styles. -
Formal Statements attacking the Pardon-merchants -
Charles V declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic at trial -
peasants mad at high tax and low power. thousands of German peasants stormed castles and monasteries. prevented the Reformation from going into a social revolution that encouraged social equality. -
between protestants and Catholics. Zwingli dies and when John Calvin grows interest. -
A book about God, salvation, and human nature in protestant view -
Anabaptists fled to Munster after being persecuted by Catholics and Protestants. Led by Jan Mathijs and John of Leiden -
States the Henry VIII is the head of the England church -
investigate indulgence selling and other abuses, approved Jesuit order, used Inquisition to seek heresy in papal territory agreed on many doctrines
-only church interpretation of bible right
-need good faith + works for indulgence
-bible + church tradition = authority
-indulgences valid expression of faith but selling banned -
Executed by King Charles VIII because he would not accept terms of the act of Supremacy and refused to take the oath to accept Charles as the leader of the church (Devout Catholic), found guilty of high treason -
founded by Ignatius of loyola for followers. Founded schools, convert non Christians to Catholic, stop spread of protestantism -
A court for investigating and prosecuting people who are accused of witchcraft, being protestants, braking church law. To impose religious infirmity. Used harsh punishments -
Princes agreed each ruler would decide the religion of their state (a religious settlement) -
Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry. She made the kingdom Protestantism and the church Anglican with her as the head. Had money problems and power (overthrowing threats) -
John Knox went to Scotland and spread John Calvin's ideas. Him and nobles made it the official religion -
at dawn Catholics hunted for Protestants and murdered them. It spread to other cities and lasted about six months. It is thought that about 1200 Huguenots were killed -
Henry of Navarre, became Catholic and war ended this encouraged Catholics to accept him as king. The Edict granted religious freedom to Protestants.