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The belief that microorganisms and small animals such as mice, flies, and toads could be ‘born’ of nonliving matter.
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Greek physician who became known as the god of medicine. His “rod” which is the medical symbol of today is believed to be a representation of the classical method to remove the guinea worm. (Spontaneous Generation Believer)
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Chinese monks used an early vaccination method against smallpox. (Spontaneous Gen)
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Discovered life was composed of small boxes he dubbed “cells” by using a rudimentary microscope.
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Set up an experiment to disprove Spontaneous Generation with flies and three jars. One was open. Another was completely sealed. The last was covered with gauze.
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Observed the first living microorganisms and recorded detailed drawings.
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Strengthened belief in spontaneous generation with his experiment involving flasks with broth that grew microbes.
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Helped develop the process of vaccination through his tests to immunize smallpox by using cow pox, a similar but weaker virus.
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Showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan.
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Proposed cell theory. (Biogenesis)
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Demonstrated that unwashed hands of physicians helped spread disease.
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Discovered the source of Fermentation was anerobic bacteria.
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Developed the hypothesis that was later proven correct which stated that living cells can only come from other living cells.
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Using a Swan neck flask experiment he proved spontaneous generation false.
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Developed the process of pasteurization which is used for the longevity of beer, milk, etc..
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Found that a protozoan caused another silkworm disease.
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Conducted his famous pea plant experiments that established a bases for modern genetics. Source: https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/university_events/mendelmedal/aboutmendel.html
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First to use phenol solution on surgical wounds to decrease infection and death during/ after surgery.
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First to publicly prove that bacteria caused disease with his anthrax experiments.
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Petri Dish
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Found that a disease-causing organism harming tobacco was so small it could pass through filters known to catch the smallest bacteria. Later this disease was name tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
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Made the first revolutionary step in chemotherapy with Salvarsan, a arsenic derivative, chemotherapeutic agent effective against syphilis.
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Accidently discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin, from the fungus Penicillin chrysogenum.
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Several other synthetic drugs were discovered (E.g. Sulfonamide antimicrobial)
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Set a new standard for classification with her discovery of differences in chemical composition of cell walls.
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Demonstrated that TMV was not a bacterium but a virus.
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Isolated and raised awareness of Penicillin.
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“Demonstrated the relationship between genes and enzymes.” From the textbook
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Established that DNA was the source of inheritance/ hereditary. (Biogenesis)
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Introduced the double helix model of DNA.
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Interferons were discovered.
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Was the first to produce Recombinant DNA, human or animal DNA introduced into bacteria.
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Discovered RNA.
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Developed the technique for sequencing DNA.
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