-
The Battle of Tours took place on Oct. 10th, 732 AD. Charles Martel defended Europe against Muslim advance and retained Christianity as Europe's major religion.
-
William the Conqueror and Harold Godwinson went head to head at the Battle of Hastings for the throne of England. The win by William the Conqueror brought feudalism to England, and also brought the customs of Europe to England.
-
The Crusades were a series of wars fought by the Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Pope promised that anyone who died fighting the Crusades were guaranteed to go to heaven. As a result, Constantinopole was ravaged, it expanded European trade, many Jews and Muslims were killed, and it encouraged the Church to spread Christianity.
-
The Concordat of Worms was an agreement between Pope Innocent III and Henry IV about who could appoint who. They both agreed that the Pope could only appoint Bishops, and that the King could only appoint jobs in government.
-
The Inquisition was a church court ran by the Pope to convict and forgive people of heresy, acts against God. Inside, people would be forced to confess heresy, if they did not, they would be tortured. Once they did however, they were punished and forgiven.
-
On June 15, 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta which was a set of rules that the King had to follow. This created the basis of universal human rights that our governments and other governments use today.
-
Parliament was King Edward the I's first attempt at representative government. The government had 2 houses. The knights and towns people had the house of commons. High Ranking Nobles had the House of Lords.
-
The Black Plague spread all over Europe and killed 38 million Europeans. It also however, helped with technological advances, changed the economy, decreased the population, and changed the feudal system.
-
Edward III and Henry V fought over who had control of France and who was the King of France. England gained control over northern France and settled that argument.
-
Charlemagne was the first king to unite most of western Europe since the Roman empire. He moved the Capital to Aachen, let the pope have the power to choose emperors and was an advocate of education. He was also crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
