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Charles Martel leads Franks into battle against Muslims who invaded Spain. He defeats them in the Battle of Tours, so Christianity remains Europe's main religion.
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William the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings. William brings feudalism, and European customs to England.
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Pope Urban II convinced people to go on Cursades to get the Holy Land back. The Crusades also transfered military technology, expanded trades and spread Christianity. It also ruined European reputation because they dystroyed Constantinople, and Jews and Muslims were killed.
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A Pope and the German king agreed that only the pope could choose bishops and only the emperor could give jobs in the government.
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King Henry II set up courts and grand and trial juries, Henry also established a body of common law for all of England. Setting up a common law for England increased the king's power and reduced chaos.
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Pope urges people to confess acts of heresy and convert to Christianity. If they confesed they would be tortured, then forgiven. If they did not comfess they would be killed.
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King John signs the Magna Carta in Runnymede. The Magna Carta, which was created by nobles, created the basis for the concept of human rights like trail by jury, no forced marrages. The Magna Carta also limited the king's power.
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The Black Plague was a disease that spread throughout India, China, Arabia, Europe and Asia killing 38 million Europeans. The Black Death led to new inventions and change economy. The disease changed population and changed the feudal system.
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Issabella of Castile and Ferdinard of Argon wanted everyone to be Christians so they tourtured people who commited heresy and Muslims went to Spain.
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Charlemagne was declared emperor of the Roman Empire by the Pope. He moved the captial of the Empire to Aachen. Charlemagne wanted himself and his people to be educated so, he had a scholar start a school.
