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Roger Bacon invents spectacles
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Leonardo da Vinci dissects corpses
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Vesalius publishes findings on human anatomy in De Fabrica Corporis Humani
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Zacharius Jannssen invents the microscope
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William Harvey publishes An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals which forms the basis for future research on blood vessels, arteries and the heart
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Sir Christopher Wren experiments with canine blood transfusions
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers blood cells
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes bacteria
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Giacomo Pylarini gives the first smallpox inoculation
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Persian physician Rhazes identifies smallpox