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Islamic hospitals; health care for the sick
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Dutch lens grinder Zacharius Jannssen invents the microscope
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek refines the microscope and fashions nearly 500 models. Discovers blood cells and observes animal and plant tissues and microorganisms
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Edward Jenner develops a method to protect people from smallpox by exposing them to the cowpox virus.enner is sometimes called the founding father of immunology.
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René Laënnec invents the stethoscope
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Dr. Horace Wells, American dentist, uses nitrous oxide as an anesthetic
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Emil von Behring discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.
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German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovers X rays.
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Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets.
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Paul Zoll develops the first cardiac pacemaker to control irregular heartbeat.
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First test-tube baby is born in the U.K.
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Dr. William DeVries implants the Jarvik-7 artificial heart into patient Barney Clark. Clark lives 112 days
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Scientists discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells.
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The FDA approves the first human clinical trials in the United States for a wearable artificial kidney designed by Blood Purification Technologies Inc. out of Beverly Hills, Californa
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Disocovery of the difference between smallpox and measles
