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British obstetrician James Blundell performs the first successful transfusion of human blood.
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Dr. Horace Wells, American dentist, uses nitrous oxide as an anesthetic.
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Emil von Behring discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.
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German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovers X rays.
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Felix Hoffman develops aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid). The juice from willow tree bark had been used as early as 400 BC to relieve pain.
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Insulin first used to treat diabetes.
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First vaccine for Tuberculosis created.
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Vaccine for influenza developed.
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First test-tube baby born in the UK. Healthy baby and very normal.
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HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is identified.
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Dolly the sheep becomes the first mammal cloned from an adult cell (dies in 2003).
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Scientists discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells.