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Through Galileo Galilei's knowledge of roman philosophers using burning glass to enlarge smaller objects and Dutch lens makers magnifying objects, he invents the first official microscope, which leads to the first huge advancements in disease and cellular related research.
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Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow, discovered that all cells arose from pre-existing cells and was the ultimate locus of disease. Scientists then use microscopes (improved models of Galilei's microscope) and continue to generate more theories and discoveries around cellular pathology.
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One of the theories established by the help of Virchow was the germ theory of disease. Koch and Pasteur independently provided definitive experimental evidence that the anthrax bacillus was indeed responsible for the infection. This firmly established the germ theory of disease, which then emerged as the fundamental concept underlying medical microbiology.
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After learning about the links between cells and disease, germs and and their links with microbiology, Elie Metchnikoff discovers white blood cells that have antibacterial activity. Which lead to the theory of phagocytosis and developed the theory of vaccination.
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A few years after Ellie's discovery of white blood cell activity and vaccination, Paul Ehrlich proposed that antibiotics were directly involved with immunity.
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After his initial proposal of antibiotics directly linking to disease, Ehrlich introduces 'magic bullets', which are chemicals that kill bacteria without hurting the host.
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Philip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw invent the first iron lung at Harvard School of Public Health which is successful in aiding people with sever cases of polio but not to cure them.
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A team of scientists in England including Australian medical student Howard Florey extract penicillin. The discovery lead to major developments in medicine and improved millions of peoples lives.
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As penicillin was not effective over the entire field of microorganisms pathogenic to humans, scientists began searching for another antibiotics that could cure the diseases that were not effected by penicillin. This search leads to discoveries of antibiotics such as doxycycline.
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Jonas Salk developed the first offical vaccine for polio by using a dead virus. The shot required a shot every three years and occasionally a live virus was found in the vaccine.
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After Salk's initial vaccination American doctor Albert Sabin developed an oral live virus polio vaccine. The virus is tested on soviet children and is found out to be much safer an affective than the previous vaccine.
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Frank Macflarane Burnet discovered the acquired immunological tolerance
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