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Claudius Galenus, known as Galen prooves arteries and veins carry blood and how their systems are completely different. Another discovery he made was how blood forms in the liver, travels through veins to the whole body, and passes between the ventricles through pores in the septum.
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Herophilus of Chalcedon in Alexandria, Egypt becomes one of the first Greek anatomists to publicly dissect human cadavers discovering that arteries and veins carry blood but arteries are thicker than veins.
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Greek philosopher, Aristotle descibres how the heart is the central organ of the body, it's structure, and is a three-chambered organ in the human body judging by dissections he performed on animals
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Greek thinker, Alcmaeon of Croton observes that arteries are not similar to veins by performing experiments on animals.
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Eminent Cairo physician and author Ibn al-Nafis discover and describe the flow of blood to and from lungs.
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Anatomist from Padua,Fabricius, publishes On The Valves In Veins that containes the first drawing of vein valves.
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British physician William Harvey published ANATOMICAL TREATISE ON THE MOVEMENT OF THE HEART AND BLOOD IN ANIMALS where he explains how blood circulates in the body and is pumped by the heart.
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Jan Swammerdam, a Dutch microscopist, becomes the first to observe and describe red blood cells under a microscope.
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An Italian anatomist, Marcello Malpighi, examines the network of vessels that connect arteries and veins.
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Richard Lower performs the first recorded blood transfusion in animals in England. He connected the jugular vein of a dog he bled to the neck artery of another dog, bringing the other back to life.
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French physician Jean-Baptiste Denis transfuses blood from a lamb's carotid artery to a vein in a teenage boy's suffering from a severe fever, becoming successful.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch linen draper who later became microscopist, provides a more detailed description of red blood cells, even their size.
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Philadelphia physician Philip Syng Physick performs the first (unrecorded) human-to-human blood transfusion.
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British obstetrician and physiologist James Blundell performs the first RECORDED human-to-human blood transfusion. The transfusion is successful at first, but then the patient dies.
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Sir William Osler observes small cell parts (platelets) from bone marrow make up the bulks of clots that form in blood vessels.
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Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, discovers the 3 human blood groups, A, B, and O.
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Dr. Landsteiner's colleagues, Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli, find a third human blood group called AB.
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Dr. Ludvig Hektoen suggests that they should test donors and recipients for signs of cross matching before transfusion. Dr. Reuben Ottenberg, at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, performs the first transfusion using cross matching and becomes successful.
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Albert Hustin from Brussels and Luis Agote from Buenos Aires find that adding sodium citrate to blood prevents it from clotting.
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Francis Peyton Rous and J.R. Turner, at Rockefeller Institute in New York, develop a citrate-glucose solution that can be used to store blood for weeks and is still usable for transfusion.
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While serving in the U.S. Army, Dr. Oswald Robertson, he established the fisrt blood depot.
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Percy Lane Oliver begins operating a blood donor service from his London home by recruiting volunteers to donate on 24-hour call for emergencies.
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At the Sklifosovsky Institute in Moscow, Dr. Serge Yudin performs the first blood transfusion using cadaver blood from a dead 60-year-old man to a suicidal young man.
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At the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, a group of anesthesiologists are the first to store citrated blood and use it for transfusions in a hospital setting in the U.S.
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Physician Federico Duran-Jorda makes the Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service which collects,tests ,pools by blood group, preserves and stores blood in bottles in refrigeration, and by the use of refrigerated cars, transports it to hospitals during the Spanish Civil War.
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Drs. Philip Levine and R.E. Stetson discover that there's an unknown antibody in the women's fetus while giving birth that comes from the father.
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Drs. Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener find a new blood group called Rh.
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Dr. Isidor Ravdin, a Philadelphia surgeon, treats victims from Pearl Harbor attack with albumin to increase blood volume, successfully.
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Dr. Carl W. Walter, a trained surgeon, develops a plastic bag as blood containers which revolutionized blood collection.
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Dr. Max Perutz working at Cambridge University, England, he uncovers the structure of hemoglobin through X-rays.
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Drs. Kenneth M. Brinkhous of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Edward Shanbrom of Hyland Laboratories make a powder that is 100 times stronger than plasma in clotting power.
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Dr. Baruch Blumberg of the National Institutes of Health develops a test that detects if a patient has hepatitis B.
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The first cases of a syndrome first called GRID is reporrted. It has been renamed AIDS.
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A series of tests are created to test donated blood for diseases.
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A tomb in Memphis, Egypt illustrates how Egyptians used bleeding as method to treat patients.
