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Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality
The Proclamation of Neutrality stated that America wouldn't be involved with any issues between France and Great Britain. Great Britain along with many other European nations was at war with France because of the French troops that were taking much of the Belgian land, this affected the British trades on land. The proclamation, which was signed on April 22, 1793, allowed the US to stay out of a war that they weren't fully prepared for. -
Jay Treaty
Jay's Treaty of 1794 included a series of promises made by Great Britain toward America. The British promised to stop any and all discrimination toward American commerce, to dispose of the Northwest Territory by mid-1796, and to hand the US trading rights across the British East Indies and in England. This treaty allowed America to expand/grow in an economic sense; it maintained peace between both nations and protected US neutrality. -
Washington's Farewell Address
During Washington's Farewell Address, he resigned the third year of his presidency and warned the citizens, and the nation, of the current/future issues that could possibly threaten the republic government. Washington emphasized that the political parties that divided the nation were ridiculous and that they needed to come together to protect their nation. He reminded them that it was of great importance to remain neutral with any foreign entanglements, and don't get too attached to parties. -
Impressment of Sailors
The impressment of sailors was the actions of Britain's Royal Navy invading American ships, inspecting the crew, and kidnapping several American sailors for no valid reason. These actions occurred for almost two decades (1793-1812); this was one of the many major events that caused the War of 1812 to initiate. -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was a small battle on the coast of Norfolk, Virginia; between the British HMS Leopard and the American USS Chesapeake. Sir George Berkeley ordered the HMS Leopard to board the American ships and search them for any deserters. After a long discussion between Barron and Lieutenant John Meade, Captain Humphrey ordered the American ships to submit, but Chesapeake did not. The British then opened fire against the USS Chesapeake and defeated them. -
Embargo Act 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was organized by the US Congress and current President Thomas Jefferson; it was an attempt to forbid American ships from trading in the foreign ports (British ports and French ports). What caused the nation to make this decision were the actions of foreign nations, they were seizing American ships and sailors in order to anger the opponent. This act affected the nation in a very huge way; unemployment increased, markets were destroyed, the economy was terrible, and a.p. -
War Hawks
The War Hawks were several, mostly young, Republican Congressmen that hailed from West to South and influenced the US to declare war on Great Britain, forcing the Spanish to leave Florida, and invade British Canada. The phrase War Hawks originated from Congressman John Randolph, he was not fond of the ideas that the War Hawks would spread. However, in June 1812, the War Hawks got precisely what they wanted; Congress declared war against Great Britain. -
Tecumseh (1)
Chief Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian chief, and military leader, and directed Indian resistance to white rule throughout the Ohio River valley. He was born in Xenia, Ohio in 1768; he was one of the Chiefs who did not support the Treaty of Greenville and refused to follow along with the "peace" that America promised them. He wanted to get back at the Americans for all the wrongdoings towards the Native Americans and this is of great significance to this war. -
Tecumseh (2)
Chief Tecumseh joined the British intelligence to fight against the Americans; Tecumseh joined the British in Michigan officially, along with those who followed him. During the Siege of Detroit, Tecumseh helped the British carry their defeat against America; he died in war, and his body was stripped by American soilders -
War of 1812 Begins
On June 17, 1812, the Senate approved its request of declaring war on Great Britain, by President James Madison. The House of representatives voted 79-49 and the Senate voted 19 to 13; the following day on June 18, James Madison officially signed the declaration of war. Months after the war began, the War Hawks urged the US to invade Canada, which they thought could potentially benefit America in order to gain territorial land (this invasion was very unsuccessful). -
Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention were meetings held in Hartford, Connecticut, by delegates from New Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. These concerns of these delegates were the poor progression of the war and the power that this war gave to the south, especially to Virginia, which gained lots of power over the national government. This convention expressed grievances against military conscriptions/gained states' rights; they referred to this war as "Mr. Madison's War." -
Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent was an agreement that officially established peace and ended the war of 1812 between the US and Great Britain; the treaty was signed in Ghent, Belgium. This treaty later on opened up the Great Lakes region to America, which was a diplomatic victory for the US. Both nations agreed to work together in order to end the slave trade; the treaty eventually led to a long-term alliance between these two nations. -
Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was one of the last battles fought during the War of 1812, on January 8th. This battle began with the British attacking America, but it was very unsuccessful. When Pakenham attempted to rally his men, he was hit by an American volley, which later killed him. Over 2/3 of the British men were put out by the Americans within 30 minutes; this led to the quick victory of America. This was the greatest land victory of War 1812.