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According to Ellis on page 305, The archangel Gabriel speaked to Muhammad. He called him to be a messenger of God. Muhammed was in shock.
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According to Ellis on page 305, The Hijra was a turning point for Islam. Muhammed traveled from Mecca to Medina. Muhammed created rules that governed and united Muslims which brought peace.
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Ali was close to Muhammed. Shi'a believed he could be the next prophet of islam.
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Muhammed died unexpectally. Muhammed died without picking a succesor. Which led to many conflicts.
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According Ellis on page 310, Ali Bakr, Muhammads father in law was agreed to be the first caliph. Or first succesor to Muhammad.
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The Uymayyad's leader was Mu'awiya the fifth caliph. Yazid, his son, was chosen to be his succesor.Umayyads were the first dynasty to rule an islamic empire.
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Sunni's and Shia's are considered to be Muslims.The only difference is that they practice Islam differently. They both agree on fundamentals.
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According to Ellis on page 314, The Umayyad family was killed. One survived, but fled to spain. The Abassid Empire rose and made many changes.
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Abbasids moved capital to Baghdad in 762. Expansion of the Abbasids brought conflict with the Chineese.
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Turkmen took control of Baghdad. The leader Tugrul Bey forced Abbasids caliphs to be renamed sultan.
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The Pope called the first crusade.Crusades ended in 1204. Trade flourished throughout the east and west, and exchanged the learnings of muslim scholars.
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According to Ellis on page 317, "The House of Wisdom" was a library and a University in Baghdad. The House of Wisdom brought people knowledge and advances in technology.
