Timeline picture

Islamic Spain and the Inquisition

  • Albigensian Crusade
    1209

    Albigensian Crusade

    *Southern France
    *A military campaign that took place against the Cathars *Led to widespread destruction and persecution
    *Highlighted the necessity for a more organized and methodical technique of research
    *Marked a turning point in the Church's perception of heresy Jstor
  • The Directorium Inquisitorum
    1357

    The Directorium Inquisitorum

    *A manual or instruction book for inquisitors
    *Nicholas Eymeric is acknowledged for writing it
    *Dominican monk and theologian, Master of the Sacred Palace and inquisitor
    *Explained the steps and techniques to be utilized during inquisitions.
    *Gained widespread acceptance and influence among inquisitors throughout Europe SHU
  • Massacres of Jews or Pogroms
    1391

    Massacres of Jews or Pogroms

    *Increase in anti-Jewish sentiment driven by conspiracy theories and devotion to religion
    *Jewish communities suffered vicious assaults which resulted in significant harm and casualties
    *Thousands of Jews to Christianity faced with the choice between conversion to Christianity or death
    *Jews and Christians that committed to their religions showed new Christians discrimination ANUMuseum
  • Pope Sixtus IV authorizes the Spanish Inquisition
    1478

    Pope Sixtus IV authorizes the Spanish Inquisition

    *at the request of Ferdinand and Isabella, the "Catholic Monarchs" of Spain
    *granted the Catholic Monarchs the power to establish a tribunal to investigate and prosecute heresy within their kingdom
    * The Inquisition's attention quickly turned to purifying the region of people who were not part of the Catholic Church TedEd
  • First auto de fe in Sevilla
    1481

    First auto de fe in Sevilla

    *twelve conversos were burned alive for allegedly practicing Judaism
    *combined the judicial ceremony of the Inquisition with vociferous sermons [JITP](https://jewinthepew.org/2015/02/12/12-february-auto-da-fe-in-seville1481-and-toledo-1486-onthisday-otdimjh/#:~:text=On%20February%2012%2C%201481%20in,Fe%20(Act%20of%20Faith)
  • Treaty of Granada
    1491

    Treaty of Granada

    *Ended the Granada War
    *A short truce
    *Between Boabdil, the sultan of Granada, and Ferdinand and Isabella
    *Signed and ratified on November 25, 1491 Al-islam
  • Jews expelled from Spain
    1492

    Jews expelled from Spain

    *Last Muslim communities in Spain were taken over
    *Thousands of people planned to leave by selling their possessions and scrambling to set up their affairs MOJH
  • Martin Luther nails his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg
    1517

    Martin Luther nails his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg

    *Protestant Reformation begins
    *Challenged certain practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
    *Believed that several passages were being misunderstood by the church and used to defend activities that were not religious LOC
  • Calvin publishes the first edition of his Institutes of the Christian Religion
    1536

    Calvin publishes the first edition of his Institutes of the Christian Religion

    *French theologian, pastor and reformer during the Protestant Reformation
    *A defining book of the Reformation and a pillar of Protestant theology
    *Argues for the majesty of God and for justification by faith alone Princeton
  • Spanish Inquisition restored by Ferdinand VII

    Spanish Inquisition restored by Ferdinand VII

    *Continued debates over its existence
    *Had been in decline since the late 18th century [Duke](https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/48/2/277/1577390
  • Spanish Inquisition officially ended

    Spanish Inquisition officially ended

    *The Spanish queen regent María Cristina de Borbón issued a decree abolishing the Spanish Inquisition
    *Lasted approximately 700 years
    *Thousands of people were tortured and executed for their religious beliefs, including Jews, Muslims, and Protestants JSTOR
  • Decree of Alhambra

    Decree of Alhambra

    *Royal edict issued by Catholic Monarchs of Spain
    *Ordered expulsion of all Jews from the Kingdom of Castile and Aragon
    *Consequence of Christian Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula
    *Gave Jewish population four months to convert to Christianity or leave the kingdom FAU