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Period: Jan 1, 780 to Jan 1, 850
Mathematics: Al-Khwarizmi
Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-Khwarizm, father of algebra, was both a mathematician and astronomer. Al-Khwarizmi summoned to Baghdad by Al-Mamunm, and appointed court astronomer. Al-Khowarizmi emphasized his algebra book was written to serve the practical needs of the people concerning matters of inheritance, legacies, partition, lawsuits and commerce. In the twelfth century Al-Khowarizmi algebra was translated into Latin. Mathematicians used it all over the world until the sixteenth century. -
Period: Jan 1, 786 to Dec 31, 786
786
Harun al-Rashid came to the caliphate. His reign began Abbasids also fortunate in the caliber of their caliphs, -
Period: Jan 1, 786 to Dec 31, 786
House of Wisdom
Harun al-Rashid, the fifth Abbasid Caliphate, begins the original House of Wisdom in Baghdad by collecting large amounts of works. The first works were collected from classical periods and translated into Arabic, called the Translation Movement, thanks to al-Rashid's support. -
Period: Jan 1, 800 to Dec 31, 900
800s
Muslim astronomers invent the universal sundial and universal horary dial in Baghdad. -
Period: Jan 1, 850 to Dec 31, 850
Water Turbine
The basic water turbine is invented by Muslim engineers in the Islamic world. -
Period: Jan 1, 872 to Dec 31, 872
First Hospital
The first modern hospital with nurses and a training centre was in Cairo. Named the Ahmed Ibn Tulun hospital after it's founder of the Tulunid dynasty. Based on Muslim tradition, all patients received free health care. The Cairo hospital model which would later serve as the template for hospitals all around the globe, so it's documented as the first modern hospital. -
Period: Jan 1, 900 to Dec 31, 900
900
Muhammad ibn Zkariya al-Razi publishes his work. Al-Razi discovers alcohol and sulfuric acid, and writes about how to diagnose and treat smallpox. Al-Razi made great advancements in medicine and academics. -
Period: Jan 1, 900 to Dec 31, 900
Libraries
The first public library and lending library are built in the Islamic world. The library catalog is also invented in Islamic libraries. -
Period: Jan 1, 936 to Dec 31, 1013
Al-Zahrawi
Famous for his anatomy text. This text became the standard medical text in Europe for centuries to follow. -
Period: Jan 1, 936 to Dec 31, 1013
Contributions in Medicine from Albucasis (Abu al-Qasin Khalaf idk al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi)
He was a physician, surgeon, and chemist known for his encyclopedia. HIs famous encyclopedia included sections on surgery, medicine, orthopaedics, ophthalmology, pharmacology and nutrition. He also described over 300 diseases and their treatments and several surgical procedures along with over 200 surgical instruments, many of which he developed. Beyond this he wrote about how important a patient-doctor relationship is as well as the same standard of medical care, regardless of social class. -
Period: Jan 1, 953 to Dec 31, 953
Mathematics
Al-Karaji defined various monomials and gave rules for the products of any two of them. He also discovered the binomial theorem for integer exponents. -
Period: Jan 1, 964 to Dec 31, 964
Astronomy
Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi described a "nebulous spot" in the Andromeda constellation in his Book of Fixed Stars. This was the first description and documentation of the Andromeda Galaxy, the nearest spiral galaxy to our galaxy. -
Period: Jan 1, 965 to Dec 31, 1040
Ibn al-Haytham
He is credited to be the first “scientist.” Through his career he conducted experiments that would inspire the process of the scientific method. Furthermore, he wrote ‘Book of Optics’ in 1021 that explained how eyesight works. Also known as Alhazen. -
Period: Jan 1, 980 to Dec 31, 1037
Ibn Sina Medicine Contributions
Wrote the Canon, a medical textbook which laid out a detailed guide for diagnosing and treating ailments. Made the statement that many diagnosis could be made checking the pulse and urine. Made breakthrough suggestions in infant care based on water purity. Also made guidelines on how to check purity of water. Also famous for his encyclopedia of philosophy, work that has inspired centuries of debate both inside and outside Islamic society. Also known as Avicenna. -
Period: Jan 1, 1030 to Dec 31, 1030
Physics
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī stated that light has a finite speed, and he was the first to theorize that the speed of light is much faster than the speed of sound. -
Period: Jan 1, 1057 to Dec 31, 1057
The Seljuk Caliphate
The Seljuk Caliphate was beginning. At this time the empire had lost unity and power due to religious differences, charges of heresy, and assassinations. -
Period: Jan 1, 1097 to Dec 31, 1291
European Crusades
These European Crusades further weakened the Muslim Empire beyond the internal pressures that started with the Seljuk Caliphate. -
Period: Jan 1, 1126 to Dec 31, 1198
Ibn Rushd
Many years of his life he dedicated to translate and preserve the works of Aristotle. He also spent many years writing extensively about religion and philosophy. He was also known as Averroes. -
Period: Sep 20, 1207 to Sep 21, 1273
Poetry: Rumi
Lived towards the end of the Abbasid Caliphate. He is one of the most famous poets of all time. His poems were written to express about his love and devotion for his faith. Today many people read and interpret his work as love poems. -
Period: Jan 1, 1236 to Dec 31, 1236
Fall to Spanish
Cordoba fell to Spanish Christians. -
Period: Jan 1, 1258 to Dec 31, 1258
Mongols blockade Baghdad.
Under the command of Halagu Khan, the Mongols invade Baghdad with the intention of extending their rule further into Mesopotamia. After capturing the city, they kill al-Musta'sim, the final Abbasid Caliph, and destroy much of the grand libraries of Abassids, including the House of Wisdom. This is considered the traditional end of the Islamic Golden Age. -
Period: Jan 1, 1258 to Dec 31, 1258
End of the Islam Golden Age
The collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the Sack of Baghdad.