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Muhammad Ibn Abdullah was born in 570. When he was young his parents died. The angel Gabriel appeared to him and announced he was the new prophet chosen by Allah. -
Muhammad fled to the city of Medina from the Mecca. This event is called the Hijra and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. -
After Muhammad´s dead (632) the muslims still have a religious caliph, by him wishes to expand Islam. -7th century: they defeated Byzantium Empire conquering Siria, Egypt and Persian Empire.
-8th century: they conquered berbers´ tribes in North Africa, a part of Iberian Peninsula and they were defeated in the battle of Poities.
-9th century: they conquered Nubia and Palermo. -
An army of Berbers crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths. Visigoths were lead by Roderic (he died in this battle).
And Muslims by Tariq and Musa. -
The Visigothic monarchy were in a deep crisis because a part of Visigothic kingdom prefer Roderic and the other part prefer Achila and because them Muslims took advantage over Visigoths.
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Al-Andalus became a dependent emirate of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus. An emir was appointed to rule the emirate.
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This are the kinds of "kingdoms" that were in the history of Al-Andalus.
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Abd al-Rahman I fled to Al-Andalus in 756 and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba breaking the political unity of the Islamic EmpireAbd al Rahman I fled to Al-Andalus in 756 and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba breaking the political unity of the Islamic Empire.
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The emir Abd al-Rahman III impose his authority and proclaimed himself caliph and established the Caliphate of Córdoba, a territory really independent from Baghdad. This was the Golden Age of Al-Andalus.
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Al-Andalus was divided into small and weak kingdoms called taifas. The Almohads a new Muslim armie stopped the Christian advance.
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Is the only territory that survived the Christian advance, they pay taxes to Castilla to avoid attack. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs conquisted the Kingdom of Granada this event mark the end of Al-Andalus.