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the Ottoman Empire is founded by the Osmali tribe, in Northwestern Anatolia.
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The Osmanli tribe, now known as the Ottomans, conquer most of Anatolia, and name Bursa as their capital.
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The Ottomans have finished claiming Anatolia for their empire.
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Throughout his rein, sultan Mehmed II encourages the Christian community to live in harmony with the Islamic community.
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The heart of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, is conquered by the Ottoman Empire and renamed Istanbul. This becomes the new capital.
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Mehmet II dies after nominating his eldest son Bayezid to continue as Sultan. This causes the Shi'a Muslims of the empire to revolt, as they feel his brother Jem should be Sultan. When the Shi'a are repressed, they retreat to Persia
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The Ottoman Empire extends into other Arabic and Islamic regions from North Africa, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and the Arabian Penninsula. This contains the 3 holy sites: Mecca, Madinah, and Jerusalem, so they take charge of the Pilgrimage each year.
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The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire also becomes the Caliph (kalipha), or the spiritual and political leader, of the Muslim world.
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Sulayman the Magnificent, known to citizens as Sulayman the Lawful, rules as Sultan. He is one of the wealthiest rulers, and he rules during a peaceful time as they conquered Egypt/Syria, and there is a non-aggression treaty with the Safavid Empire
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Sultan Mehmed IV begins his rule, modeling it after the practices of Murad IV. He attempts reformation of the Empire. Unlike past Sultans who were very tolerant of non-Muslim culture, Mehmed IV believes inferiority stems from Christian and European influence. He attempts to restore traditional Islam system of life.
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the Imperial Rescript of Gulhane promises that all citizens- Muslim and non-Muslim- will have equal rights in society.
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The Tanzimat reforms follow European reform models and promise a more organized society. However, this begins a slow Westernization of the area, cutting away some of the Islamic and Ottoman traditions of the past.
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The state gives political rights to citizens ad forms a constitutional monarchy with a constitution and a parliament.
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The sultan Abdulmecid I is forced to proclaim the restoration of parliament after an uprising occurs. A year later he is dethroned when a counter-revolution in which he is believed to have planned occurs.
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The Ottoman Empire sultanate is abolished and Turkey is declared a republic. However, the Ottoman Caliphate continues with little authority.
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After two years of lessened power, the Ottoman Caliphate is disbanded and abolished in entirety, so it is not at the center of Islam culture as the political/religious leader.
