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believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits and demons
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tribal with doctors treated illness with ceremonies to drive out evil spirits
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average life span was 20 years
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herbs and plants used as medicine, and some are still used today
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trepanation or trephining was used to treat insanity and epilepsy.
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earliest people known to maintain accurate health records
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physicians were priests who studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools.
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believed Imhotep was the first physician
born in 2635 BC
died maybe in 2595 BC -
believed the body was a system of channels for air, tears, blood, urine, sperm and feces.
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used moxibustion to treat disease
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average lifespan was 20 to 30 years
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recorded a pharmacopeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
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average life span was 20 to 30 years
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began medical science by observing the human body and effects of disease
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average life span was 25 to 35 years
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stressed diet and cleanliness as ways to prevent disease
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first to organize medical care providing care for injured soldiers
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early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes
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hippocrates- father of medicine
developed an organized method to observe human body
recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases
created a high standard of ethnics.
460 - 377 BC -
aristotle dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy
384-322 BC -
began public health and sanitation systems;
created aqueducts
built sewers
used filitering systems -
Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequete knowledge of body structure
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claudius galen
body regulated by fouiuds or humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
imbalance in the humors resulted in illness
described symptoms of imflamation -
used acupuncture, or a puncture of the skin from needles to relieve pain and congestion
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average life span was 25 to 35 years
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Emphasis was placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited
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prayer and divine intervention was used to treat illness and disease
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average life span was 20 to 30 years
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monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people
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medications were mainly herbal mixtures
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renewed interest in the medical practice of greeks and romans
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physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century
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average life span was 20 to 35 years
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major diseases were smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plague, and malaria
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rebirth of science of medicine
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Rhazes an arab physician became known as the arab Hippocrates
based diagnoses on observations f the signs and symptoms of disease
developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles -
average life span of 30 to 40 years
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dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology
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causes of disease were still not known and many people died from infections and puerperal fever
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first book on dietetics written by isaac judaeus
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Gabriel Fallopius -
identified the Fallopian tubes in the female
described the tympanic membrane in the ear -
first anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
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ambroie pare
french surgeon
father of medicine
established use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding -
average lifespan was 35 to 45 years
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william harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart
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average life spans
18- 40 to 50
19th- 40 to 60
20th- 60 to 80
21st- 90 and beyond -
18th century
1. james lind prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy
2. Dr. Jessee Bennet performed the first succesful Cesarean section operation to deliver an infant in 1794
3. Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer -
19th century
1. International Red Cross was founded in 1863
2. American Medical Association was formed in Phildelphia in 1847
3. first succesful blood transfusion was performed on humans in 1818 by james blundell -
20th century
1. first Heart- Lung machine was used for open heart surgery in 1953
2. First successful kidney transplant in humans performed by joseph Murray
3. the first successful heart transplant was performed by Christian Barnard in 1967 -
21st century
1. adult stemd were used in transplant in the treatment of disease in early 2000
2. NCI started a project to map genes associated with cancer
3. POTENTIAL- cures for AIDS, cancer and heart disease are found
