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Period: 1096 to 1291
Crusades are Fought
The Crusades were a series of religious and political wars.
fought between Christian Byzantine Empire and Muslim Seljuk Turks.
195 years long. Pope Urban II started the crusades. nine different crusades -
1300
Renaissance Begins
Renaissance Begin in Florence.
Renaissance means rebirth.
Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity.
300 years long.
the start of humanism was in the 1400. -
1337
the hundred year war
lasted 116 years.
fought between England and the french.
56 battles during the war.
England won the war.
3.5 million people died. -
1347
Black Death Begins in Europe
started when 12 trading ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina after a journey through the Black Sea.
spread by fleas.
came from central Asia.
75 million to 200 million died. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
Joan Was Burned at 19.
Burned at the Stake on charges of heresy.
Joan died of smoke inhalation.
burned in rouen.
Joan was born in Domremy, France. -
1439
Johannes Gutenberg printing press
considered the most important invention of its time.
allowed books to be massed produced.
helped people make books in different languages. -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
The city was defended by 10,000 men.
the Ottoman Turks at last had control of the Balkans.
Constantinople was one of the largest and richest urban centers. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
when the pope appoints the first “inquisitors of heretical depravity.”
The Spanish Inquisition begins under Ferdinand and Isabella.
was established in the year 1184 by a papal bull of Pope Lucius III.
cause of the Spanish Inquisition was the post-crusade feelings against heretics. -
Aug 1, 1498
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
Columbus didn't discover America.
the expedition sighted land, probably Watling Island in the Bahamas, and went ashore the same day, claiming it for Spain.
the Viking may have been the first European ones to ever have touched North American soil -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed
Leonardo's painting was worked on it for four years.
Leonardo's painting has been stolen multipule times.
one of the reasons this painting is so famous is because of her smile.
the mona lisa has had acid thrown on it -
Period: 1509 to 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
his reign lasted 37 years.
he suffered from diabetes type II.
married six different women.
one of his wives was killed/executed on false charges of incest, witchcraft, adultery and conspiracy against the king. Her daughter, Elizabeth, emerged as one of England's greatest queens. -
1510
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo paint the ceiling of the Vatican's Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo was 33 years old when he started.
took Michelangelo 4 years to complete
Michelangelo died in Rome in 1564 at the age of 88. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther post 95 Theses
95 theses was posted on the church door in Wittenberg Germany. the pope issued a statment demanding Luther retract 41 of his 95 theses and after Luther's refusal excommunicated him.
it was to change the face of the world as it was then known in Western Europe. indulgences in the late medieval period and their sale motivated Martin Luther to present his 95 Theses. -
1521
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
led by Hernando Cortes, was a landmark victory for the European settlers.
a huge battle erupted between the army of Cortes and the Aztec people under the rule of Montezuma.
He also helped colonize Cuba and became a governor of New Spain. -
Period: 1530 to
Ivan the Terrible’s Reign
was tsar of Russia from 1530-1584 and established a tradition of absolute rule.
Ivan acquired vast amounts of land through ruthless means.
After a childhood of abuse and repression he destroyed his rivals and claimed the throne of Tsardom.
Ivan became angry with his son's pregnant wife, because of the clothes she wore, and beat her up. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire.
conflict arising from the Reformation.
Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman.
also called the Augsburg Settlement.
signed on September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Queen Elizabeth’s Reign
Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.
Sometimes called The Virgin Queen.
Elizabeth was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death.
queen for 45 years. -
Spanish Armada
has long been held as one of England's greatest military achievements.
defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake.
The main commander for the Armada died in February 1588 -
Edict of Nantes
signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France.
French royal decree establishing toleration for Huguenots
The Edict of Nantes had granted the Huguenots the right to practice their religion without persecution from the state.
The later Edict of Fontainebleau which revoked the Edict of Nantes -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
The samurai were the warriors of premodern Japan.
also known as bushi.
samurai comes from the Japanese verb saburai.
saburai means to serve someone
the samurai carried 2 swords -
William Shakespeare’s Death
The cause of Shakespeare's death is a mystery.
thought he died because he drank too hard.
It is commonly said that he died on April 23, 1616, but no record of his death exists.
Shakespeare had 3 children. -
Petition of Rights
The Petition Itself. The Petition of Right of 1628 is one of England's most famous Constitutional documents.
The duty of that government is to protect the natural rights of the people, which Locke believed to include life, liberty, and property.
Parliamentary declaration of the rights and liberties of the people -
King Charles the First Executed
King Charles I is beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649.
Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria
Henrietta Maria was a Catholic French princess. -
Lord George McCartney Expelled
he was a British statesman colonial administrator and diplomat. -
Period: to
Opium War
British traders were importing opium from India into China.
known as the arrow war.
The Chinese destroyed a warehouse full of opium
