-
The first Christian emperor of the Roman Empire moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium. The city was then renamed Constantinople.
-
The Roman Empire split into eastern and western divisions. The western half was overrun by invaders in A.D. 476. The eastern half survived as the Byzantine Empire until 1453.
-
corruption and immortality among the Romans themselves weakened the empire. The decline of the Roman Empire took centuries.
-
he began as the ruler of a small Frankish kingdom located on the present Germany. He became one of the most powerful rulers in western Europe.
-
they were a german tribe that in the 5th century began to develop a powerful empire. It became the largest empire in Europe during early medieval times.
-
he was the last good ruler. All his successors were incompetent. they were weak and immoral rulers.
-
Justinian ruled long and well. His success was due, in part, to hard work. Another reason for Justinian’s success was his wife, Theodora. She took an active role in politics.
-
After Justinian’s death in 565, the Byzantine Empire began to decline. In 1453, it completely collapsed. This fall was sparked by an argument about politics and religion.
-
He was born in 570. His family had fallen on hard times, and when he was 7 years old he became an orphan.
-
Muhammad's mission was to teach to the people what God asked him to. People who accepted his teachings were known as muslims and their faith as Islam.
-
By 632, when Muhammad died, Islam had spread across the Arabian Peninsula. Within the next 100 years, Islam surged west to North Africa, Spain, and southern France. It pushed east to the borders of northern India and China.
Islam spread really fast. This was because their rules were harsh and oppressive. -
In the 7th century, Islam started it’s expansion towards Eastern regions, the islamic peninsula, through trade encouraged by the development of the maritime Silk Roads. Muslims were known to have a commercial talent notably encouraged by Islam, as well as excellent sailing skills.
-
A Germanic tribe, the Visigoths, had settled in the Iberian Peninsula, which includes modern day Spain and Portugal. During the Roman invasions of the Roman Empire.
-
when the Frankish kings didn't perform their duties, Charles Martel, took complete control of the kingdom and became sole ruler.
-
At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe.
-
He was father of Charlemagne. He had influence over nobles. He was much powerful than other kings.
-
He turned over to the pope a part of the territory in Italy that the Lombards had controlled. This became known as the donation Pepin.
-
He was Pepin's son. He expanded the Frankish lands into a large empire. He also extended bounds of Christianity. He also wanted to improve his education. He invented small letters.
-
Aix- la-Chapelle, capital on Roman cities, was the center of revival of learning.
-
Charlemagne traveled to Rome, while he was attending church services, the pope placed a crown on the king's head and crown him emperor of the romans.
-
The Treaty of Verdun, divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms among the surviving sons of the emperor Louis , the son and successor of Charlemagne.
-
france became a nation in 987
-
The new Capetian dynasty in France which replaced the Carolingian family in 987 ruled over a disparate set of territorial principalities
-
It was the growth of Portugal, England, Spain and France
-
The moors built up a Muslim Kingdom, called Cordova that reached a high level of culture.
-
Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius was excommunicated, starting the “Great Schism” that created the two largest denominations in Christianity
-
It was a war between a king from France and a King from England. William the conqueror won this battle
-
The Norman dynasty is the family to which the Dukes of Normandy and the English monarchs belonged immediately after the Norman conquest of England and lasted until the Plantagenet dynasty came to power in 1154.
-
Feudalism was in the Kingdom of England during the medieval times was a state of human society that organized political and military leadership
-
William the conqueror was a king of England that stated with the idea of becoming a nation
-
Alphonso I of Portugal was the son of a French knight who had helped the king of Castile reconquer Toledo from the Moors in 1085.
-
Universities developed in Christendom in 1100
During the 1100s three factors encouraged the growth of learning in Christendom, the rise of cities and a wealthy middle class, church reforms and contact with Muslim learning. The earliest universities had no set courses of study, no permanent buildings, and few rules, they were usually uncomfortable. -
Louis VI managed to reinforce his power considerably and became one of the first strong kings of France since the death of Charlemagne
-
Alphonso I declared Portugal an independent kingdom in 1129.
-
King Philip II of Spain, ruled one of the world's largest empires. He was also the King of England through his marriage to Mary Tudor for four years.
-
The House of Plantagenet was the reigning dynasty in England between 1154 and 1399. After the last Plantagenet was forced to abdicate, the crown passed to two secondary branches of the dynasty: first the House of Lancaster and later the House of York.
-
He was King of England from 1154 to his death. He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150.
-
he was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France,
-
Towns and cities grew during the high Middle Ages as the amount of trade increased between Europe and other continents.
-
An army of the west attacked Constantinople in 1204. This army captured, but could not hold, the city. Later, the Italian city of Venice took control of Constantinople. In 1453, it was captured by the Ottoman Turks.
-
in 1204, after the end of the Fourth Crusade, trade flourished between Middle East and Italian city-states. Large fleets of Italian ships sailed through the Mediterranean Sea and along the coast of France bringing luxury goods to England and Northern Europe. As international trade increased, towns grew, and as towns grew, international trade increased more.
-
It was a firm because there was a king that was cruel and they made him firm some laws like for example that the law was more important than him
-
he was known as Louis the Saint, he was the only King of France to be canonized in the Catholic Church. Louis IX was one of the most notable European monarchs of the Middle Ages.
-
he was king of england from 1272 to 1307. Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law.
-
it was established by Magna Carta.
-
War between France and England during very long 116 years
-
The Black Death waned, and cities recovered. Populations increase throughout Western Europe. With the rise of towns and the expansion of commerce, a new class of people developed in Western Europe. These were called bourgeoisie. The economic life of the towns was regulated by organizations called guilds. The merchants and artisans had separate guilds, the bankers’ guilds, carpenters’ guilds, weavers’ guilds. The main purpose of it was to monopolize trade for members and to prevent competition.
-
Joan of Arc, was a young peasant girl who is considered a heroine of France for her role during the final phase of the Hundred Years War.
-
The Battle of Orleans, was one of the battles in the final phase of the Hundred Years War, in which Joan of Arc participated.
-
-
The War of Roses was a civil war between members and supporters of the House of Lancaster against those of the House of York between 1455 and 1487. Both families claimed the throne of England, by common origin in the House of Plantagenet.
-
In 1469 Ferdinand, the future king of Aragon, and Isabella, later queen of Castile were married. They fought for the unity of christianity.
-
Ferdinand and Isabella believed that national unity required religious conformity. They received the inquisition.
-
The Tudor dynasty began with King Henry acceding to the throne of England
-
The Reconquista, seceded and in 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella conquered Granada and united Spain.
