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  Jacoba Felicie was tried for practicing medicine without a license but she was denied because women were not allowed to practice medicine.
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  1) Galen: tracheotomy
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  Christian and Muslim teachings about healthcare in the Middle Ages.
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  2) Rhazes discovered difference between smallpox and measles.
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  3) Islamic hospitals; health care for the sick.
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  Use of scientific method begins
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  Robert Hooke-- reflective microscope
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  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek describes bacteria
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  Francis Bacon uses microscope to discover plague fleas.
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  A philosophical movement to studies of the human anatomy took place. These, investigations, which had been forbidden by the church in the past, helped correct many beliefs.
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  Modern medical practice is based on the discoveries and developments
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  Edward Jenner was discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox.
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  The practice of disinfecting surgical equipment and hand washing as a way to prevent the spread of infection medical asepsis.
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  Robert Koch discovered that pathogens.
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  Joseph Lister was ridiculed for insisting on the use of carbolic soap to disinfect instruments and clean hands before doctors moved to another patient.
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  Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
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  Salk discovers polio vaccine
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  The use of X-rays gained importance in noninvasive diagnosis.
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  Discoveries in electronics and computer science changed clinical medicine dramatically.
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  Antibiotics were invented.
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  Electronic health records and electronic communication provide instinct transmission of information.
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  Steve Thomas used sterile maggots for infectious wound treatment.
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  People in many ares of the world are living longer and healthier lives because of vaccines, clean water, and better nutrition.
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  Scientist discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cell
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  Today´s healthcare professional needs to be able to think critically and use flexible approaches to problem solving.