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- Humans believed sickness was causes by demons or a punishment from god -(Trepanation) used putting a whole in the skull surgically -Herbs and plants used as medicine -Witch doctors treated illness -AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 20 YEARS
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-Priests were physicians
-Healthy records first recorded by ancient Egyptians
- (Blood letting) used- draining blood out of the body to help it
-(Leeches) used for medical treatment
-AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 20-30 years -
- Treat the whole body by curing spirit and nourishing the body -Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medicines based on the use of herbs
- Used (Acupuncture) sticking needles in aches to relieve pain
- Started a search for medical reasons of illnesses -AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 20-30 years
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-Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) and other physicians
-Ancient greeks are first to observe the human body and the effects of disease leading to modern medical sciences.
- Illness is caused by natural causes
- Therapies used, massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment
- Stressed diet, hygiene and exercise to present diseases
-AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 25-35 years -
-Ancient Romans are first to organize a medical cure by providing care for injured soldiers
-Hospitals became religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
- Ancients greeks first public health and sanitation system by making sewers and aqueducts
- Galen believed that the body was regulated by 4 body humors blood-music, phlegm- slow respone dancing, yellow bile- anger hitting, black bile- depression
-AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 25-35 years -
-Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited-praying was used to treat sickness
- Monks and priests cared for sick people
- Medicines were herbal mixtures
- Still doesn't now what diseases are causes by
-AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 20-30 years -
-1100 BC: Arabs started requiring physicians to pass examinations then obtain license.
-1346-1353 BC: Bubonic Plaque- flea disease, killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
-Major diseases included
smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
-1220-1255: Medical Universities were established
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 20-35 years -
-Rebirth of science and medicine
-Body Dissections led to more understanding of anatomy and physiology
-1400: The invention of printing press led to the medical knowledge to be shared
-1543:First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
- Disease causes remain a mystery
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 30-40 years -
-More knowledge on the human body
-1500's: Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
-1600's: Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and SOLD MEDICATIONS
-1670: Invention of the microscope which Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
*HUGE advancement
- cause of disease still unknown many people died from diseases
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 35-35 years -
-1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury (thermometer)
-1760: Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
-1778: John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced (tube feeding)
-1798: Smallpox vaccine is discovered
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 40-50 years -
-Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
-1895- X-Ray machine developed
-1893: First Open Heart Surgery
INFECTION CONTROL DUE TO MICROORGANSIMS WITH DISEASES
-1816: Invention of the stethoscope
-1860: Formal training for nurses began
WOMEN BECAME NURSES
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN: 40-60 YEARS -
1901: ABO blood groups discovered
-found out white blood cells protect diseases
-new medications developed
1922: Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
1928: Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
-New machines
1943: kidney dialysis machine
1953: Heart lung disease
1953: Structure of DNA discovered and researched in the gene therapy -
1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
-Minimal Invasive Surgery
1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
-Interferes with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in
a tumor growth
-Identify and kill the cancer cells
1990: Smoke Free Laws
-Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
1996: Advances in HIV Medication
-Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic ----disease – NORMAL LIFE SPAN
1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
-Re-Create lost/damaged tissue -
1956:The First Bone Marrow Transplant
-Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research
1978: Test tube babies
-Organ Transplants
1960: Kidney
1963: Liver
1967: Heart
1982: Artificial Heart -
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus
Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
2001: First totally implantable artificial heart was places in a patient.
2003: Human genome project completed
mapped out diseases
2005: face trasnplants
VACCINES
2006: HPV
2015: MALARIA
2015: EBOLA