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- illness and disease were caused by evil spirits/demons /punishment from the gods
- tribal witch doctor treated illness with ceremonies
- herbs and plants used as medicines
- surgically removing bone from the skull
- average life span was 20 years
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- physicians were priests
- bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
- average life span was 20-30 yrs
-
- believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and the whole body
- medications based on herbs
- therapies such as acupuncture
- began searching for medical reasons for illness
- life span 20-30 years
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- hippocrates and other physicians
- first to observe the human body and the effects of disease
- believed illness is a result of natural causes
- therapies such as massage, art, herbal treatment
- diet, hygiene, and exercise used to prevent disease
- life span 25-35 years
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- first to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
- later hospitals were religious and charitable
- first public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
- body was regulated by blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
- life span 25-35 years
-
- emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
- prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
- monks and priests provide custodial care for the sick
- herbal meds
- life span 20-30 yrs
- disease cause based on circumstance
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- renewed interest in medical practices of greek and romans
- 1100 arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations & get licensed
- bubonic plague killed 75% of population in europe and asia
- smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plague, malaria
- medical universities were made
- life span 20-35 yrs
-
- rebirth of science and medicine
- body dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy
- invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
- first anatomy book was published by andreas vesalius
- life span 30-40 yrs
- disease still was a mystery
-
- knowledge regarding the human body increased
- ambroise pare used ligatures to stop bleeding
- apothecaries made, prescribed, and sold meds
- invention of the microscope
- life span 35-45 yrs
- cause of disease still unknown
-
- gabriel fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer
- benjamin flanklin invented bifocals
- john hunter established scientific surgical procedures and tube feeding
- smallpox vaccine discovered
- life span 40-50 yrs
-
- rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, vaccinations
- x-ray machine developed
- first open heart surgery
- invention of the stethoscope
- formal training for nurses began
- life span 40-60 yrs
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- ABO blood groups discovered
- found out how white blood cells protect against disease
- new meds were developed
- insulin discovered
- antibiotics developed
- new machines developed
- structure of dna discovered and research in gene therapy begins
- first bone marrow transplant
- test tube babies
- organ transplants
- many vaccines
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- laparoscopic surgery
- target cancer therapies
- smoke free laws
- advances in hiv meds
- rapid advances in stem cell research
- first implantable artificial heart
- human genome project complete
- face transplants
- vaccines- HPV, malaria, ebola
