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-illnesses from evil spirits or punishment from god-witch doctors treated illness-used herbs and plants as their medicine-trepanation removing piece of bone from the skull-lifespan usually 20 years -
priests were physicians,used bloodletting and leaches for treatment and lifespan 20-30 years -
Need to treat whole body by curing spirit and nourishing the body,searched for medical reasons of illness and average lifespan 20-30 years -
Hippocrates father of medicine and other physicians ,first to observe human body,natural and stressed ways to be healthy and average life span 25-30 years -
first to have an organized medical care and hospitals considered religious charitable institutions.First public health and sanitation by building aqueducts and sewers. believed body was regulated by four humors blood=lust, phlegm= slow response,yellow bile=anger and black bile=depression
average lifespan=25 to 35 years -
focused on saving the soul and medical study was prohibited,prayer and divine intervention to cure illness/disease.the monks would have to treat people with mainly herbs. life span dropped to 20-30 -
Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans
Arabs began requiring physicians to pass examinations and obtain licenses. Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
Medical Universities were established
Average life span was 20-35 years -
body dissections led to increased knowledge of anatomy and physiology.1440 invention of printing press allowing medical knowledge to be spread.first anatomy book published by Andreas Vesalius.avg lifespan=30-40 years
cause of disease still a mystery -
knowledge of the human body greatly increased ambroise pare a french surgeon father of modern surgery established the use of ligatures to stop bleeding -
apothecaries (early pharmacists) prescribed, sold and made medications. avg lifespan=35-45 years -
allowed physicians to see disease causing organisms huge advancement -
first mercury thermometer created by gabriel Fahrenheit -
Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals-pair of glasses with 2 different lenses of different focal lengths -
John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding -
smallpox vaccine was discovered and avg lifetime was 40- 50 years -
the stethoscope was invented an item used to hear the action of someones heart -
formal training for nurses began,women were the most active participants -
First Open Heart Surgery as well as Infection control was developed once microorganisms were associated with diseases. -
rapid advancements due to discovery of microorganisms,anesthesia and vaccinations as well as the x-ray machine avg lifespan 40-60 years -
A,B,O blood groups discovered and how white blood cells protect against disease -
laparoscopic surgery/minimal invasive surgery -
Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes -
penicillin an Antibiotic developed to fight infections -
kidney dialysis machines help your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to -
The structure of DNA was discovered and research in gene therapy began -
First Bone Marrow Transplant which also Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research. -
Kidney,Liver,Heart and Artificial Heart transplants -
Targeted Cancer Therapies Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth Identify and kill the cancer cells. -
test tube babies- a baby produced from an egg that was fertilized outside of a woman's body and then put back into the woman's body to finish developing. -
Smoke Free Laws lead to
Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke -
Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease – Normal Life Span -
learned how to re-create lost and damaged tissue -
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In -
Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases -
the swapping of face -
2006: HPV (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine)
Prevent Cervical Cancer
2015: Malaria
2015: Ebola