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Diseases were believed to be caused by evil spirits and trepanation was practiced. Average Life Span:20 yrs
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Physicians were priests and bloodletting was used as a medical treatment. Average Life Span: 20-30 yrs
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They believed that the whole body needed to be treated by curing the spirit. Acupuncture was practiced. Average Lifespan: 20-30 yrs.
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First to observe the human body and the effect of diseases. Therapies such as massages and herbal treatment were used and good hygiene and a stressed diet were practiced to prevent diseases. Average Life Span: 25-35
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First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers. They were the first to build public health system. Lifespan: 25-35
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Authority prohibited emphasis on saving the soul and the study of medicine. Monks and priests helped the sick and most used treatments were herbal ointments. Life Span: 20-30 yrs
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1100: Arabs had Physicians pass examinations and obtain licences.
1346-1353: The Bubonic plague began and wiped out 75% of Europe's population.
1220: Medical universities were established.
Lifespan: 20-35 yrs -
Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
1440: Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
1543: First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Average life span was 30-40 years -
1500’s: Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
1600’s: Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
1670: Invention of the microscope
Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
HUGE advancement
Average life span 35-45 years and disease causes were still unknown -
1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer
1760: Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
1778: John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
1798: Smallpox vaccine discovered
Average life span 40-50 years -
Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
1895: X-Ray Machine Developed
1893: First Open Heart Surgery
Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
1816: Invention of the stethoscope
1860: Formal training for nurses began
Women became active participants in health care
Average life span 40-60 years -
1901: ABO blood groups discovered
Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
New medications were developed
1922: Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
1928: Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
New machines developed
1943: Kidney Dialysis Machine
1953: Heart Lung Machine
Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
1953: Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins