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Illness and diseases were caused by evil spirits and demons they were also a punishment from the Gods
Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
Plants and herbs used as medicines (digitalis and morphine)
They also used Trepanation or trephining were they surgically remove a piece of bone from the skull
Average life span was 20 years -
Physicians were priests
Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
Health Records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
Average life span was 20-30 years -
Hippocrates (Father of Medicine)
They were the first to observe the body and first to observe the effects of a disease
Stressed diet, hygiene and exercise as ways to prevent disease
Average life span was 25-35 years
Believed illness is a result of natural causes -
Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
Began to search for medical reasons for illness
Average life span was 20-30 years -
First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
They were also the first public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
The average life was 25-35 years
Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile -
Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease
Monks and priests provide custodial care for sick people
herbal mixtures were mainly there medication
20-30 years life
Didn't understand why disease happened -
Have some of the same medicine and practices as Greek and Romans
Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
Major diseases included
smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
20-35 years of life was average -
Rebirth of Science of Medicine
Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
First anatomy book
30-40 years
Disease cause still a mystery -
Knowledge regarding the human body GREATLY increased
Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections
microscope
Apothecaries made, prescribed, and sold medications
Ambroise Pare father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
Average life 35-45 -
Smallpox vaccine discovered
Average life span 40-50 years
Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
Feeding tube and other surgical procedures by John Hunter
Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer -
X-Ray Machine Developed
Invention of the stethoscope
Formal training for nurses began
Average life span 40-60 years
First Open Heart Surgery -
ABO blood groups discovered
New medications were developed
New machines developed
Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins
First Bone Marrow Transplant
Test tube babies
Organ Transplants -
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
- Laparoscopic Surgery
- Targeted Cancer Therapies 3.Smoke Free Laws 4.Advances in HIV Medication
- Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research 6.the first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In
- Human Genome Project Completed 8.Face Transplants 9.Vaccines