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Most illness and diseases were spread by evil spirits and demons.
Herbs and Plants were used as medicine.
Average lifespan was 20 years.
Trepanation (drilling hole into skull) was used at the time. -
The doctors and Physicians were priests.
They used bloodletting and leaches as medicine.
Average lifespan grew 10 years- 30 years. -
Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs.
Then searched for medical reasons to why people were sick. -
Rebirth of Science of Medicine
Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiologyFirst anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Average life span was 30-40 years
Disease cause STILL a mystery -
Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) and other physicians.
Said that being sick was a natural cause.
Used massage , herbal treatment , and art therapy.
Life span was 25-35 years. -
Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans.
smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria.Average life span was 20-35 years.
Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia. -
First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts.
Life span was 25-35 years.
blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile- 4 body humors. -
Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited.
Medications were mainly herbal mixtures.Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease. -
Knowing about the human body became much more familiar.Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
Average life span 35-45 years
Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections. -
1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer
1760: Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
1778: John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
1798: Smallpox vaccine discovered
Average life span 40-50 years -
1895: X-Ray Machine Developed
1893: First Open Heart Surgery
1816: Invention of the stethoscope
women got more involved -
1901: ABO blood groups discovered
Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
New medications were developed
1922: Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
1928: Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
New machines developed 1953: Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins -
1956: First Bone Marrow Transplant
Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research
1978: Test tube babies
Organ Transplants
1960: Kidney
1963: Liver
1967: Heart
1982: Artificial Heart -
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
Minimal Invasive Surgery
1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
Identify and kill the cancer cells
1990: Smoke Free Laws
Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
1996: Advances in HIV Medication
1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
Re-Create lost/damaged tissue -
001: The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In
2003: Human Genome Project Completed2005: Face Transplants
Vaccines