history of medicine [Elijah Murray]

  • primitive times
    4000 BCE

    primitive times

    Illness was entirely supernatural and were seen as punishments from the gods. Witch doctors treated patients with ceremonies, prays, herbs, plants, and Trepantation which was removing a large chunk of skull to let the evil spirits free. Life expectancy was at an all time low of 20 years.
  • Ancient Egypt
    3000 BCE

    Ancient Egypt

    disease was still the gods punishment so priests were doctors. they used blood letting and leaches to remove "bad blood" usually it did more harm than good.
  • Ancient Chinese
    1700 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Begin searching for medical reason for illness and not blame it on gods. Believed in treating the whole body by curing spirit and used acupuncture therapy. First to start mapping out the body.
  • Ancient Greeks
    1200 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    Hippocrates and other physicians fully believe disease was a result of nature. Emphasizes diet, hygiene, and exercise. Still uses herbs and massages to help the diseased.
  • Ancient Romans
    753 BCE

    Ancient Romans

    large medical care for soldiers. first sewers and aqueducts. four body humors of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bite.
  • The Dark Ages
    399

    The Dark Ages

    average life expectancy was reduced because of a large focus on worship and a ban on medical research.
  • Licensing
    1100

    Licensing

    Arabs began requiring tests and licenses for physicians to prove they can help people.
  • School
    1220

    School

    Medical universities started forming
  • Major illness
    1337

    Major illness

    mostly the Bubonic plague but also smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid and malaria killed more than 75% of the population.
  • Renaissance
    1350

    Renaissance

    It was a rebirth in medicine and science. bodies were dissected for a better understanding of anatomy.
  • faster spread of knowledge
    1440

    faster spread of knowledge

    first printing press was invented and later in 1543 the first anatomy book was published.
  • Father of modern surgery
    1500

    Father of modern surgery

    A french surgeon named Ambroise Pare used ligatures to stop bleeding.
  • Invention

    Invention

    Early pharmacists began making prescribed and sold medications, and later in 1670 was the invention of the microscope.
  • Gabriel Fahrenheit

    Gabriel Fahrenheit

    1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer.
  • Ben Frank

    Ben Frank

    Benjamin Franklin invents Bifocals (glasses).
  • The 8's

    The 8's

    1778 John Hunter established surgical procedures and tube feeding. 1798 a smallpox vaccine was invented.
  • quick advancements

    quick advancements

    rapid developments in medical science due to the discovery of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccines. life span is up to 40-60.
  • stethoscope

    stethoscope

    the invention of the stethoscope
  • nurses

    nurses

    training formal nurses and introducing women into health care.
  • heart surgery

    heart surgery

    The first open heart surgery was preformed.
  • X-Rays

    X-Rays

    X-ray machine developed.
  • blood types

    blood types

    AOB blood types discovered and how white blood cells fight disease.
  • laparoscopic surgery

    laparoscopic surgery

    minimal surgery was invented
  • 20th - 21st century vaccines

    20th - 21st century vaccines

    Diptheria – 1921
    Tuberculosis – 1925
    Pertussis – 1927
    Typhus – 1937
    Influenza – 1945
    Oral Polio – 1962
    Measles – 1963
    Mumps – 1967
    Rubella – 1970
    Chicken Pox – 1974
    Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
    Meningitis – 1978
    Hepatitis B – 1981
    Hepatitis A – 1992
    Lyme Disease – 1998
    Rota virus - 1998
    2006: HPV (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine)
    Prevent Cervical Cancer
    2015: Malaria
    2015: Ebola
  • new medication

    new medication

    1922 insulin was discovered. 1928 penicillin was invented for infections. 1996 advances in HIV medication made the death sentence it was to a manageable disease.
  • new machines

    new machines

    1943 kidney dialysis machine was invented. 1953 heart lung machine was invented, structure of DNA was discovered, and research in gene therapy starts. surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions.
  • bone marrow

    bone marrow

    First bone marrow transplant and it initiated embryonic stem cell research.
  • new organ transplants

    new organ transplants

    1960: Kidney transplant, 1963: Liver transplant, 1967: Heart transplant, 1982: Artificial Heart transplant
  • cancer treatment

    cancer treatment

    targeted cancer treatments to disrupt spread of harmful cells.
  • test tube babies

    test tube babies

    first test tube baby was born
  • stem cells research

    stem cells research

    stem cell research has advanced to the point where we can re-create damaged or lost tissue.
  • fake heart

    fake heart

    the first entirely implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient.
  • disease mapping

    disease mapping

    the human genome project was completed to get a handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases
  • face transplants

    face transplants

    face transplants for damaged face tissues