History of Medicine/Corey Johnson

  • Primitive Times
    4000 BCE

    Primitive Times

    -Sicknesses were caused by evil spirits and demons, it was also a punishment from Gods
    -In ceremonies the tribal witch doctor would treat the illnesses.
    -The used plants and herbs as medicine, some of them we morphine and digitalis
    -A common surgery was trepanation, which was removing a chunk out of there skull.
    -They normally lived for about 20 years.
  • Ancient Egyptians
    3000 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    -The priests were there physicians
    -They did bloodletting and leeches as medical treatment, they thought it would drain out the sickness
    -They lived for about 20-30 years
    -Pharmacopoeia was a book used to find out the compounds of medicine
  • Ancient Chinese
    1700 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    -They believed that they needed to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
    -They used pharmacopoeia and acupuncture as treatment
    -They started to look for medicals reasons of sickness instead of blaming evil spirits
    -They believed in Qi, which was something that is in the body, and an imbalance in that cause sickness and disease.
    -They normally lived for 20-30 years
  • Ancient Greeks
    1200 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    -Hippocrates was known as the Father of Medicine
    -He led us to modern medicine by observing the human body and the effects of disease
    -Believed natural causes caused diseases
    -Massage Therapy, art therapy, and herbal treatment
    -To prevent diseases they had strict diets, hygiene, and exercise
    -They lived for about 25-35 years
  • Ancient Romans
    753 BCE

    Ancient Romans

    -They provided care for the injured soldiers, which was the first organized medical care
    -Used monasteries for the hospitals
    -Built aqueducts and sewers, which was the first sanitation system for hospitals
    -Blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile were what they believed to be the four body humors
    -They used a plant called poppy to kill pain
    -They lived for about 25-35 years
  • Dark Ages
    400

    Dark Ages

    -Study of medicine was prohibited
    -To treat illnesses and diseases they prayed and had divine intervention
    -Monks and priests provided the care for the sick
    -No understanding of the causes of illnesses and disease
    -Used herbal mixtures as medicines
    -They lived for about 20-30 years
  • Middle Ages
    800

    Middle Ages

    -They used the medical practices of the Greek and Romans
    -In 1100, they began to require medical licenses
    -Bubonic Plague killed 75% of Europe and Asia
    -They made universities to get into the practice of medicine
    -They lived for about 20-35 years
  • Renaissance
    1350

    Renaissance

    -It was the rebirth of Science of Medicine
    -Started understanding anatomy and physiology because of body dissection and examination
    -In 1440, they invented the printing press so medical knowledge could be shared
    -Andreas Vesalius published the first anatomy book
    -Still did not know the cause of disease
    -They lived for about 30-40 years
  • 16th and 17th Centuries
    1500

    16th and 17th Centuries

    -They learned way more knowledge of the human body
    -A French surgeon Ambroise Pare established ligature, or stitching the wounds back together
    -Apothecaries were pharmacist that would prescribe medicines to the ill
    -In 1670 they invented the microscope which led to the discovery of a lot of new things
    -Still did not know the cause of disease so many still died for infection
    -They lived for about 35-45 years
  • 18th Century

    18th Century

    -The first mercury thermometer was created by Gabriel Fahrenheit
    -Benjamin Franklin created the bifocals
    -John Hunter introduced tube feeding and scientific surgical procedures
    -In 1798 the smallpox vaccine was discovered
    -They lived for about 40-50 years
  • 19th Century

    19th Century

    -A lot more advanced in medicine because of the discovery of vaccines, microorganism, and anesthesia
    -In 1816 they invented the stethoscope
    -In 1860 they started formal for women to be nurses
    -In 1893 there was the first open heart surgery
    -In 1898 x-ray machines were developed
  • 20th Century

    20th Century

    -Discovered how white blood cells fight against diseases
    -Insulin found, and used to fight diabetes
    -Penicillin to fight against infections
    -Developed heart lung machine and kidney dialysis machine
    -Gene therapy began after they found the structure of DNA
    -Transplant for heart, artificial heart, kidney, liver, and bone marrow
    -Targeted cancer therapy
    -About 16 vaccines found
    -Smoke free laws to reduced 2nd hand smoking
  • 21st Century

    21st Century

    -The first totally implantable heart was used in surgery
    Mapped out human diseases to try to understand genetic and autoimmune diseases
    -They started to do face transplant
    -Vaccines for Ebola, HPV, and Malaria
    -Stem cell research
    -Life expecting in getting higher and higher