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Constant warfare
Church "ruled" Europe
Emphasis placed on saving the soul and study of medicine and science is prohibited -
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Rebirth of Science
Medical schools were built
The Printing press made books possible and knowledge was shared
Accepted the study of the body by dissection -
Colleges spring up because it's easier to teach people
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Christopher Columbus
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Leonardo Da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius dissected human bodies and made the first anatomical drawings. These helped in understanding the organs and systems of the human body.
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William Harvey publishes his description of circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart
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Edward Jenner developed a smallpox vaccine on accident
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Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope.
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Ignas Semmelweiss identifies the cause of maternal infections and instituted hand washing.
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Joseph Lister becomes the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery to prevent infection in the incision,
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Started the first school of nursing during the Crimean War with 38 other women and made nursing and honorable profession.
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Discovered that heating milk and then removing it from heat kills the microbes (pasteurization). Proved the microorganisms in the rabies vaccine caused disease rather than fixed it.
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Robert Koch develops the culture plate method to identify pathogens.
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Clara Barton founds the American Red Cross
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William Roentgen discovers x-rays
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Sigmund Freud studied the effects of the unconscious mind on the body. He determined that the mind and body work together. His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry.
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Marie Curie isolates radium (used in x-rays)
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Alfred H. Sturtevant was the first human to map the relative location of a series of genes in a chromosome.
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Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin
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Jonas Salk develops the polio vaccine using dead polio viruses
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She becomes the first "test-tube" baby. (artificial insemination)
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First discovered after an epidemic in Haiti, wasn't named until 1982
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A four year old girl at the NIH Clinical Center becomes the first gene therapy patient. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in particular.
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Dolly the Sheep is born, she is the first clone. Tissue cloning is the process of creating and indentical copy of an original organism.
