History of Medicine By eilish 250 Ercisistratus studies the brain and distinguished between cerebrum and cerebellum 300 Diocles wrote the first known anatomy book. 500 Alcmaeon of Croton distinguished veins from arteries. Sep 6, 1559 Realdo Colombo describes the circulation of blood through the lungs in detail. Sep 6, 1590 Zacharius Jannssen invents the microscope. Sep 6, 1670 Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers blood cells. Sep 6, 1816 Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope. Sep 6, 1846 First painless surgery with general anaesthetic. Sep 6, 1857 Louis Pasteur identifies germs as cause of diseases. Sep 6, 1882 First vaccine developed for rabies by Louis Pasteur. Sep 6, 1887 First contact lenses developed. Sep 6, 1895 Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovers x-rays. Sep 6, 1897 First vaccine developed for Bubonic Plague. Sep 6, 1899 Felix Hoffman developed aspirin. Sep 6, 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick work on the structure of the DNA molecule. Sep 6, 1967 Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant. Sep 6, 1974 First vaccine developed for chicken pox. Sep 6, 1977 first vaccine developed for Pheumonia Sep 6, 1996 Dolly the sheep becomes the first clone.