islam Andreacchi

Muhammad is born

570

Muhammad ibn Abd Allah was born in the city of mecca around the year of 750. he was a member of the Banu Hashim, one of the town's Arab clans. His father died around the time he was born, and his mother dies around the time he was six. then he was cared for by his grandfather who ended up dying two years later. then he was cared for by his uncle, who at the time was the head of the Hashim clan.

Islamic history

Period: 570 to Mar 4, 1920

Angel Gabriel visits Muhammad

Mar 5, 610

Muhammaed was in a cave in Mount Hira when an Angle named Gabriel visited him and told him that he was a prophet of Allah. At that time he started his life as a muslum prophet.

Year of the Hijra

Mar 5, 622

After Muhhammad is told that he is a prophet he goes and preaches it to the people of Mecca and they didnt like it so he fleds with his followers and his family to Medina and gathers 10000 troops and goes back to Mecca and smashes all the Idols in the Kabaa. And more people end up folloing him and his believes.

Muhammad wins control over Mecca

Mar 7, 630

Muhammad and all of his troops after smashing all of the Idols in the Kabaa ended up taking control over the city of Mecca and thn made it the spiritual capital of the Islam faith.

Death of Muhammad, and his daughtor, and the election of Abu Bakr as first caliph.

Mar 7, 632

Muhammad died June 8th due to being poisoned by a women. Muhammad told his daughtor that he would be the next one in the household do die. He died and his daughtor died 6 months later. Sunnis believe that Fatimah worked out her differences with Abu Bakr prior to her death, Shia Musslims believe that she stayed angry with him. Abu was elected first Caliph after the death of Muhammad because a leder of the Islam faith was needed.

Death of Abu Bakr.

Mar 8, 634

There are two different storys on how Abu Bakr died one was that he got sick was due to his old age did not recover and the other one was that he ate poisened food which he was not affected for a year. Abu knew he was going to die soon he sent Ali and requested his to proforn his ghusl (full body ritual washing) because he was the one to proform it on Muhammad.

Conquer of Syria and the fall of Jerusalem.

Mar 8, 637

Muslim forces conquer Syria and in doing that gained Levant also known as the Eastern Mediterranean. Jerusalem also falls to Muslum forces that invated.

Conquest of Egypt.

Mar 8, 642

Egypt was apart of the Byzantine Empire with it's capital constantinople. It ws conquered by the Perisan empire under Khosrau II. After that Egypt was captured by Emperor Heraclius after many campaigns against theSassanid Persians, only to be taken by the muslem Rashidun army.

Assassination of Uthman, the third caliph

Mar 8, 655

Uthman was assassinated by rebels who snook over the gate to his house without alerting the gaurds and went into his bedroom and punched him, hi wife threw herself over him to protect him.

Death of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and first Shii imam. Muawiya becomes caliph and founder of Umayyad dynasty.

Mar 8, 661

On the 19th of Ramadan Ali was praying in the Great Mosque Of Kufa he was attacked by the Kharijite Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam. He was wounded by ibn Muljam's poison sword. Ali died a few days later, Hasan fulfilled Qisas and ibn Muljam upon Alis death and gave equal punishment.
The UC. was one of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was based on the Umayyad dynasty hailing from Mecca.Under the third Caliph, the Umayyad family came to power.

Conquest and conversion of Berber tribes in North Africa.

Mar 8, 700

The Berbers or Imazighen are a culural group.They have existed in ancient Mauretania, Numidia, Ifriqiya and Tripolitania. However most Berbers have converted to Islam over the past centuries. When the Muslims took over North Africa it continued the centuary of fast Arab Muslim expantion after Muhmmads death. By 642 the Arabs have control over many regions and following the win over the Persian Empire is when Arab millitary first went into the North African regions west of Egypt.

Tariq ibn Ziyad leads conquest of Andalusia

Mar 8, 711

Tariq ibn Ziyad is said to be one of the most important millitary comanders in Iberian history. He was a Muslim generalwho led the Islamic conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711–718 A.D. He led a large army from the north coast of Morocco, gathering his troops at a large hill now known as Gibraltar.

Battle of Tours, France

Mar 8, 732

Also known as the Battle Of Poitiers. This battle was faught between the cities of Poitiers and Tours. Charles Martel with around 1500 soldiers halts a Muslim forces of around 40000-60000 cavalry under Abd el-Rahman Al Ghafiqi from moving farther into Europe. Many say that this battles saved Eurpoe from Muslim control.

Abbasids capture Damascus, ending Umayyad rule in Syria.

Mar 8, 750

Damascus is the capital and the second largest city of Syria. Damascus is a major cultural and religious center of the Levant. Most of the Strian countryside was taken over by the Rashidun Caliphate. General Khalid ibn al-Walid, the Muslim-Arab general conquered Damascus itself.

Pope Urban II launches the First Crusade to conquer Jerusalem.

Mar 9, 1095

The Council of Clermont wasfirst opened by Pope Urban II. Alexius I Comnenus who is the ambassadors of the Byzantine empire asked for help against the Muslims.

Crusaders capture Jerusalem, ending the First Crusade.

Mar 9, 1099

The Siege of Jerusalem lasted from June 7 to July 15, 1099 during the First Crusade. During it, the Crusaders invated Jerusalem and took over the city fatimid Egypt. All of the troops marched south, down the coast of the mediterranean. And on the way they besieged Arqa, however the Crusaders failed to capture it, leaving the siege on May 13.

Pope Urban II proclaimed the first crusade

Mar 16, 1145

Pope Urban II proclaimed the first crusade in 1095. he did that becauserestor christian access in and near holy places in Jeruslaem.

End of the Fatimid dynasty

Mar 16, 1171

Saladin retakes Jerusalem from crusaders

Mar 15, 1187

On September 20th to October 2nd, 1187 is when The Siege of Jerusalem occured, Balian of Ibelin surrendered the city to Saladin. People of the city that wanted to leave were forced to pay a ransom. The win over Jerusalem was the end of the first Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1198 Europe faught back by launching the Third Crusade.

Founding of Mongol Empire by Genghis Khan

Mar 16, 1203

The Mongol Empire emerged from two different tribed under the leader Genghis Khan, those two tribes were Mongol and Turkic. Genghis Khan was anounced ruller of the Mongols in 1206.

Ghurids establish the Delhi Sultanate in India.

Mar 13, 1206

The Delih Sultanate is a term used to cover five short lived Dyanties

The Mongols sack Baghdad, ending Abbasid Caliphate.

Mar 9, 1299

On Febuary 15 1258 the Mongol army attacked Baghdad which was the holy city of the Abbasid Caliphate. A little whila after the Khan ordered death of the last Abbasid Caliph, Al-Musta’sim

Death of Ibn Taymiyya.

Mar 15, 1328

Ibn Taymiyya was an Islamic scholar, philosopher, theologian and logician. He lived during the hard times of the Mongol invasions. He attended the school founded by Ahmad ibn Hanbal. He is considered one of the two most significant proponents of Hanbalism today.

Death of Hajji Bektash

Mar 16, 1338

Haji Bektash Veli was an Alevi Muslim mystic, humanist sayyid and philosopher from Nishapur. he lived and taught from 1209-1271. He had a important influence on the Turkoman nomads of Asia Minor.

Constantinople falls to Ottomans and becomes the new Ottoman capital; Byzantine Empire ends.

Mar 9, 1453

The fall of Constantiople was due to a attack by the Ottoman Empire, under the camand of 21-year-old Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. The attack lasted from Friday, 6 April 1453 until Tuesday, 29 May 1453.

Reign of the Ottoman sultan Sulayman the Magnificent.

Mar 16, 1520

Suleiman I was the tenth and longest ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire, hr ruled from 1520 to the time he died which was in 1566. Suleiman also led a series of campaigns called the imperial campaigns. Sulayman succeeded his father Selim I in 1520 to become the sultan at the age of 25.

Mughal dynasty rules India

Mar 15, 1526

The Mughal Empire was ruled by a dynasty of Chagatai-Turkic origin. Early 16th century Northern India became the rule of Muslim rulers. They fell to the Muslims mainly becuse off there mobility and firepower. The Mughals did not put an end to the other local societies that it ruled but instead they fairly changed their way of ruling.

Ottomans lift first siege of Vienna and retreat.

Mar 16, 1529

In 1529 the Ottoman Empire made its first attempt to capture the city of Vienna, Austria.The start of the downfall of the Ottoman Empire was in 1529 when they failed to capture the city of Vienna.

Reign of Akbar, Mughal emperor.

Mar 15, 1556

Akbar also known as Akbar the Great or Akbar I, was the Mughal Emperor from 1556 until he died. He was the third person the rule the empire and the greatest one to rule the empire. Akbar ruled after his father Humayun. Bairam Khan helped Akbar expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.

Death of Aurangzeb, inaugurating era of rapid Mughal decline

Mar 16, 1707

Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Mohammad Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal Emperor and ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent. He ruled for 49 years, from 1658 until the year he dies which was in 1707. During his time of rule he expanded the empire and the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent.

Sepoy Rebellion against English East India Company rule sweeps northern India.

Mar 15, 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as the otherthrowing of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857 in the town of Meerut. Later this all escalated into other overthrowings and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India. The rebellion posted definate threat to company power in that region. Even though the rebelion was a threat of the company on June 20 1858 the rebelion was contained.

•Constantinople is taken over by the Ottomans and becomes their new capitle; Byzantine Empire ends.

Mar 15, 2014

The Fall of Constantinople was cause by the invading Ottoman Empire, led by 21 year old Mehmed II. The siege lasted from Friday, 6 April 1453 until Tuesday, 29 May 1453. The Byzantine Empire fell in 1453 after the Ottoman Empire invated Constantinople during the reign of Constantine XI.

Christian priest is executed.

Mar 2, 2022

Christian priest in Muslim Cordova is executed after making a number of insults to the Muslim prophet Muhammad.Forty-eight Christian martyrs living in the 9th century Muslim-ruled Al-Andalus, were called Martyrs of Córdoba. Some Myrtyrs stood before Muslim authorities and said how they reject Muhammad.

Harun al-Rashid

Mar 2, 2022

The fifth Abbasid Caliph was Hurun al-Rishid. His rule took over all of what is today Iraq. His exact date of birth is unknown but givin dates are from 763 to 766. He ruled from 786-809, and during his ruled time the reigon flourished with scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Islamic art and music also became popular during this time. Harun al-Rashid established the legendary library. (House of wisdom)