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Medicines such as herbs and plants were used, and today we still use digitalis and morphine for pain.
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The healthcare system believed that spirits and demons were the cause of illness and diseases.
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In 3700BC they said that the average life span was 20 years old.
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Whenever someone had gotten a disease they would call upon the gods to heal them.
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Physicians were priests who studied surgery and medicine in temple medical schools. The first physician was Imhotep.
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In 2700BC they had switched the average life span to be between 20 and 30 years old.
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Some religions believed against dissection this lead to not enough knowledge about the body structure.
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It is important to know the whole body so you know what types of conditions the body has. It is also important so that you know what kinds of medications you need to treat the body.
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In 1400BC they continued to say that the average life span was 20 to 30 years old.
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Hippocrates is also called the father of medicine. He came up with an organized method to observe the human body, recorded signs and symptoms of multiple diseases, and created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates which is still used by physicians today.
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Aristotle was also called the founder of comparative anatomy. He also dissected animals.
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In 0370BC they had said that the new average life span was 25 to 35 years old.
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When the sanitation system was created aqueducts were built to bring clean water into cities. They also built sewers to take waste materials away from cities, and they also drained marshes to reduce the incidence of malaria.
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Earlier hospitals was when physicians would care for ill people in the rooms in their house. Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents.
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In 0300AD the average life span was still 25 to 35 years old.
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Emphasis was placed on saving the soul, therefore the study of medicine was prohibited.
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They used prayer and divine intervention to treat illness and diseases.
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In 0600AD the average life span dropped back to between 20 and 30 years old.
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Physicians began to learn more knowledge by attending medical universities in the 9th century.
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A pandemic started from the bubonic plague killing 75% of the population.
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Rhazes was an Arab physician and started to be known as the Arab Hippocrates. He determined diseases based on observations of signs and symptoms. In 910AD he developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles. He thought that blood was the cause of many infectious diseases, and he began the use of animal gut for suture material.
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In the Middle Ages the life span was between 20 and 35 years old.
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The rebirth of the science of medicine happened.
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Dissecting the body allowed a better understanding of anatomy and physiology.
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Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically.
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The average life span was 30 to 40 years old.
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The causes of diseases were still unknown and many people died from infections and puerperal fever.
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A French surgeon named Ambroise Pare was known as the Father of Modern surgery. He established the use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding. He eliminated the use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds, and he improved the treatment of fractures and promoted use of artificial limbs.
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Gabriel Fallopius identified the Fallopian tubes in the female, and he described the tympanic membrane in the ear.
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The average life span was now between 35 to 45 years old.
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In 1628 William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart.
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In 1666 Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope.
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Early pharmacists were called apothecaries. This is where they made, prescribed, and sold medications.
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The average life span was 35 to 45 years old.
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In 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer.
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James Lind prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy.
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In 1796 Edward Jenner developed a vaccination for smallpox.
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The average time span was between 40 and 50 years old.
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The first successful blood transfusion was preformed on humans by James Blundell.
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In 1849 Elizabeth Blackwell became the first female physician in America.
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Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. In 1854 during the Crimean War she established efficient and sanitary nursing units. In 1860 she opened the Nightingale school and home for nurses at St.Thomas’ Hospital in London. Finally, she also began the professional education of nurses.
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In 1881 Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
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In 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen discovered roentgenograms which are X-rays.
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In the 19th century the average life span was 40 to 60 years old.
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In 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
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In 1953 the first heart-lung machine was used for open-heart surgery.
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In 1954 Joesph Murray preformed the first successful kidney transplant. In 1963 Thomas Starzl preformed the first liver transplant. Finally, in 1964 James Hardy preformed the first lung transplant.
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In 1975 the first computerized axial tomography(CAT) scan was developed.
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In 1978 the first test tube baby(Louise Brown) was born in England.
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In the 20th century the average life span was between 60 and 70 years old.
