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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
early beginnings
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3900 BCE
diseases caused by?
The people often believed diseases were caused by spirits. -
3600 BCE
treatments for sick
tribal doctors would perform exorcisms to rid the evil spirits. one of the ceremonies included an early form of trephining. -
3100 BCE
medicines used today
digitalis can be taken by pill or injection to help with heart conditions. quinine helps with fevers, muscle spasms, and prevents malaria. belladonna is another medication used to help with muscle spasms. and lastly morphine is used for severe pain. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
ancient times
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2900 BCE
ancient egyptians
they were the earliest known people to have make health records accurately. the physicians were just the priests who healed people using medicines, splinting, and leeches. -
1900 BCE
ancient chinese
the ancient chinese were the first people to figure out acupuncture therapies. they were able to treat people with just stone tools -
900 BCE
ancient greeks
the greeks started to figure out that illness may not be something spiritual but rather more natural. dissection was not allowed due to religious customs. eventually hippocrates did research confirming that illness was in fact not supernatural, and he eventually wrote the oath of hippocrates. -
100 BCE
ancient romans
the ancient romans started to put together medical care. the physicians had a room in their house for the sick people; this was the start of hospitals. -
Period: 400 to 800
dark age
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500
stopping the study of medicine
the monks and priests didn’t have interest in how the body functioned since they believed life and death were up to god. -
700
how they treated disease
they mostly relied on praying for ridding the illness. they did use medication made from herbal mixtures. -
Period: 800 to 1400
middle ages
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1100
epidemics
during this time, horrible epidemics killed many people. one of the biggest ones-the bubonic plague killed 60 million people. -
Period: 1350 to
renaissance
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1450
rebirth
new scientific progress had began. universities were built for search. dissection was accepted to be able to study the body, and printing presses were made, so books were started becoming a great way to research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
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1515
leonardo da vinci
he studied and researched human anatomy. -
1550
gabriele fallopius
discovered fallopian tubes in the female body -
1563
bartolommeo eustachio
discovered eustachian tube -
william harvey
was able to explain the way the blood flows and how the heart pumps. -
antonie von leeuwenhoek
invented the microscope and figured out that there was life that was smaller than what’s visible to the eye. -
apothecaries
apothecaries were like pharmacies. they had many medications and drugs that they traded. -
Period: to
18th century
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benjamin franklin
discovered bifocals, and that colds were contagious. -
medical students learning
students were able to attend lessons and be present for patients at the bedside. when a patient died, they were also able to dissect the body. elizabeth blackwell also become the first female physician. -
joseph priestley
discovered oxygen and that plants refresh air that no longer had respiration. -
edward jenner
discovered vaccines for smallpox since it had affected many people in epidemics, -
rene laennec
invented the stethoscope. the first one happened to be made of wood. -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
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ignaz semmelweis
figured out the cause to childbed fever. figured out that washing hands is very important to stop the spread of infection. -
florence nightingale
she was a very big help in the crimean war. she took a group of woman to help soldiers dying, as well as designing an improved hospital ward. -
louis pasteur
discovered microbiology. he also created a vaccine for rabies. -
dmitri ivanovski
discovered that some microorganisms could not be seen with a microscope-viruses -
joseph lister
first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. -
ernst von bergmann
created asepsis - made a way to keep an area clean before surgery. -
robert koch
introduced the importance of sanitation and also discovered many disease causing organisms. -
paul ehrlich
made many discoveries about medicine and killing viruses and diseases, which led to the use of chemicals on them. -
wilhelm roentgen
discovered x rays and took the very first x ray picture of his wife’s hand. -
anesthesia
nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were all discovered and created anesthesia. -
sir alexander fleming
discovered penicillin - was said to be very important; as it could cure many diseases -
sigmund freud
discovered that the body and mind were two separate things that work together. he focused on psychology and psychiatry. -
gerhard domagk
discovered sulfonamide compounds needed to make medications to cure bacteria. -
jonas salk
figured out that a dead polio virus would make one immune to poliomyelitis - it saved many people death -
albert sabin
used a live polio virus vaccine which was found to be more effective; this vaccine is still used today. -
francis crick and james watson
they discovered the molecular structure of dna - they won a nobel prize for this great discovery -
christian barnard
he performed the first successful heart transplant. -
ben carson
continues to work on separating siamese twins and performing surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
advancements in medicine
the ability to do an organ transplant, ability to reattach severed body parts, ability to do noninvasive techniques for diagnosing, advancement in caring for an unborn fetus, and possibly being able to eliminate disabling disease through generic research. -
Period: to
21st century