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Supernatural spirits -
-Ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits like removing part of the cranium and praying -
Digitalis from foxglove plant used as a pill, treats heart conditions. Quinine from a cinchona tree, controls fever, muscle spasms and prevents malaria. Belladonna and atrophine from nightshade plant, receive muscle spams and GI pain. Morphine from opium poppy, treats severe pain. -
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First people to keep accurate health records. Priests were physicians. They used medicine, splints and leaches to collect blood so it wouldn’t pool around a wound -
First to use acupuncture. Started with therapies with stone tools and developed into acupuncture today. -
They were the first ones who studied the disease and started to think it came from natural causes rather than spirits. Their religion did not allow people to be dissected. Hippocrates studied and kept records discovering disease was not supernatural forces. He wrote Oath of Hippocrates which is the standard basis for todays medical ethics. And they started to realize disease was being caused by lack of sanitation. -
First to organize medical care. Developed a sanitation system. Got clean water through waterways. Built sewers and bathrooms with a water system. Beginning of public health. Sent medical equipment with armies, rooms in houses for ill, care for the sick was established like hospitals. -
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The church believed life and death was in Gods hands and they had no interest in how the body functioned. -
Prayer, herbal mixtures and custodial care. -
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Caused millions of people death. Bubonic Plague killed 60 million. Smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. We now have vaccines. -
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They built universities and school for medical research. Accepted dissection of body for studies. Published books to teach more people about the research they discovered. -
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He studied anatomy and created his own deception of the body. -
Discovered Fallopian tubes -
Discovered Eustachian tube (leads from ear to throat) -
Understood physiology and describe circulation of blood and the heart pumping -
Invented the microscope. Life smaller than we can see. Found bacteria causes tooth decay. -
early pharmacy’s started to develope. Started trade in drugs and spices from the East. -
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Discovered bifocals. Discovered colds are contagious -
Students attended lectures in class, labs and at bedside. Dissected bodies and observed diseases. Medicine studies continued and expanded. -
Discovered element oxygen. Discovered plants refreshing air and restoring oxygen for us to breathe again. -
Discovered a vaccination for smallpox. His discovery led to other preventative medicine in public health. -
Invented stethoscope. allowed doctors to hear disease. -
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Identified cause of childbed fever. Discovered in births with midwives vs physicians there were less cases. Found out it was because physicians weren’t washing their hands after dissections. Was proved correct and now we wash hands all the time. -
Attracted women to Nightingale school of Nursing for them to learn and work in a respectable proffesion. -
“Father of Microbiology,” discovered microorganisms everywhere. Proved they cause disease rather than being created by disease. Discovered heating milk prevented disease, still use this method today. -
Discovered some diseases are from microorganisms you cant see with a microscope called viruses. -
Learned micro organisms cause infection. He used acids to kill germs on wounds. Became first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. -
Developed asepsis. Developed method to keep areas germ free before surgery. -
Discovered disease-causing organisms. Developed method to identify pathogens and isolate the bacteria causing tuberculosis. Introduced importance of cleanliness and sanitation. -
Discovered effect of medicine on micro organisms that cause disease. Treatment was effective in some and not in others. Brought use of chemicals to fight disease. Completed 606 expire ends to find a cure for syphilis before it worked. -
Discovered X-rays. Took the first x-ray of his wife’s hand. Allowed doctors to see inside the body. -
Nitrous Oxide, enter, and chloroform were discovered for putting people to sleep during surgery instead of chocking them out. -
Penicillin killed life-threatening-bacteria. Considered most important discovery because people were dying of curable disease before that. -
Discovered conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. Determined mind and body work together. Led to understanding of psychosomatic illness. -
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. First medications that worked in killing bacteria. -
Discovered dead polio viruses caused immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Used a live polio virus vaccine. Vaccine is used today on babies against this disease. -
Discovered molecular structure of DNA based on double helix. Model explained how it replicates and codes hereditary information. Set stage for rapid advances in molecular biology. They won Nobel Prize in Medicine for this. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant -
Pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies to stop seizures. -
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Researchers made stem cell lines by programming skin cells from patients with a developmental disorder called LEOPARD. the scientist made the cells heart cells that feature LEOPARD syndrome helping researchers find compounds that can reverse this syndrome. -
Scientists identified a protein that breaks away bacteria from medical devices. They can now prevent disease from a catheter from spreading to other organs. Opened insight to how biofilms cause disease. -
Scientists discovered light exposure made migraines worse. They discovered even if you cant see images light can cause headaches and this sparked studies for new approaches to calming non-image-forming, light-sensing, eye cells. -
98% of the human genome was discovered to play a major role in the creation of DNA. It gives the genetic code meaning. Scientists are now looking at how to cure disease with just changing this part of the genetic creation. -
Stem cells are allowing people in need of a new trachea to grow one! Scientists discovered they can create body parts with bone marrow and skin cells. This can significantly lower the amount of organ donors needed.