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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early beginnings
(4000 BC - 3000 BC) -
3900 BCE
Disease caused by..
Supernatural spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the sick
Exorcise evil spirits and prayer -
3100 BCE
Medicines used
Digitalis- heart medicine Quinine- controls fevers, relives muscle spasms, prevents malaria Belladonna- made from poisonous night shade plant and it relieves muscle spasms especially GI pains Morphine- made from opium poppy, treats severe pains. Can be very addicting. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health records - the Egyptians were the earliest people to keep health records, they were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them Physicians - priests were physicians Heal tactics - medications, splinting fractures, and blood leeching with leeches to drain blood -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture - learned to treat a variety of disease using stone tools. These tactics became part of the advanced practice of Chinese acupuncture used today. -
900 BCE
Ancient greeks
Natural vs spiritual - the ancient Greeks were the first to look into the idea of natural causes of illness Dissection - during the ancient times, dissection of the human body went against religious beliefs and was prohibited Hippocrates - Known as the “Father of Medicine” Hippocrates observed the external physique of humans to learn more about things that could possibly cause illnesses. He wrote the Oath of Hippocrates which is the standard for today’s medical ethics. -
100
Ancient romans
Sanitation systems - the since the romans learned form the Greeks that some illnesses were due to lack of sanitation so they created sanitation systems. Medical care- incentive romans were the first to organize medical care. They would send medical supplies and physicians with their armies to tend to wounded soldiers. Hospital developments - ancient Roman physicians would keep rooms in their houses for the ill which is where the idea of the hospital was born. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
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500
Why stop the study of medication?
The study of Medicine was stopped after the Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns because the church believed that life and death was all in God’s hands. -
700
How do they treat disease?
The primary treatment of this time was prayer. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this time. The Black Death aka bubonic plague killed 60 million people alone. Others were smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
1201
Noninvasive computer diagnosis
Things like CAT scans and MRIs are important because they allow us to see inside our bodies at our organs, tissues, and skeletal system to accurately identify issues quickly. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
Universities - the building of universities and medical schools for research Dissection - during this time was the acceptance of dissection Books- the development of the printing press and the publishing of books allowed greater access to knowledge from research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci studied and learned about the anatomy of the human body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered the Fallopian tubes in female anatomy -
1563
Baetolommeo Eustachic
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat -
William Harvey
He discovered the circulation of blood and how the heart pumps blood through his knowledge of psychology. -
Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope proving that there is life smaller than the eye can see. He did so by using bacteria from his teeth. -
Apothecaries
Engaged in a flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East. -
Period: to
18th century
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Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals, and he brought about the idea that colds could be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
Students would attend lectures in the classroom and laboratory as well and studying patients bedside. They would dissect dead bodies and observe disease processes. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen and observed that plants refresh air that has lost oxygen. -
Edward Jenner
He discovered a vaccination for small pox which killed many people before the discovery. -
Rene Laennec
He invented the stethoscope. The first one was made out of wood and it increased the ability of doctors to hear the heart and lungs. -
Period: to
19th and 20th century
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Ignaz Semmelweis
He identified the cause of childbed fever. He found out it was because of the lack of sanitation physicians applied after dissecting dead bodies and before delivering babies. This was the cause of the infections the women had been getting after birth. -
Florence nightingale
Florence nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. Before this time nursing was considered unsuitable for females. -
Louis Pasteur
He is known as “The father of Microbiology” and he discovered that microorganisms were everywhere and that they causes disease. Before this discovery doctors believe microorganisms were caused by disease. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered some diseases are caused by microorganisms that we are unable to see with microscopes. These are called viruses. -
Joseph Lister
Learned about Pasteur’s discovery about infections caused by microorganisms. He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs and became the first doctor to use antiseptic in surgery. -
Ernst von Bergmann
He developed asepsis and learned from others research that infections are caused by microorganisms. -
Robert Koch
Robert Koch discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed the the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
Paul Ehrlich
He discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
He discovered x-rays. The very first picture he took using the x ray was of his wife’s hand. -
Anesthesia
Before anesthesia, surgeons would use things like herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve pain during procedures. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
He found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. This is considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. -
Sigmund freud
He discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind and studies the effects of the unconscious mind on the body. -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first effective medicine used to kill bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Jonas Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
He used a live polio virus vaccine which was more effective in helping people to become immune to poliomyelitis than Jonas Salk s previous discovery. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
They together discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on the double helix. They figured out how DNA is able to replicate itself and how hereditary information is coded on it. -
Christian Barnard
He performed the first successful heart transplant on a person in 1968. -
Ben Carson
He is a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing surgeries on the brain to prevent seizures. -
Period: to
21st century
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Stem cell research and development
Stem cells have brought lots of possibilities into the medical world. They serve almost like a repair system for the body and can develop into any kind of cell after being planted in the human body. -
3D printing in health care
The 3D printing machines can be used for infinite things in the medical field. They are used to create things anywhere from realistic models to prosthetics for patients in need of them. -
Electronic medical records
Electronic medical records allow for doctors offices and hospitals to keep efficient and easily access able information and records on patients and clients who are in need of assistance. -
Telemedicine
Telemedicine is a way for patients to get treatment for illnesses through electronic information and virtual technologies. This allows for easy and accessible long-distance patient and doctor communication and care. -
Virtual reality
VR gives medical students the opportunity to be put in real-life medical situations so that they can practice in the medical environment. This gives us the chance at improving the skills of doctors, nurses, surgeons and many other occupations in the medical field.