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(4000 BC - 3000 BC)
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Supernatural spirits -
Exorcise evil spirits and prayer -
Digitalis- heart medicine Quinine- controls fevers, relives muscle spasms, prevents malaria Belladonna- made from poisonous night shade plant and it relieves muscle spasms especially GI pains Morphine- made from opium poppy, treats severe pains. Can be very addicting. -
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Health records - the Egyptians were the earliest people to keep health records, they were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them Physicians - priests were physicians Heal tactics - medications, splinting fractures, and blood leeching with leeches to drain blood -
Development of acupuncture - learned to treat a variety of disease using stone tools. These tactics became part of the advanced practice of Chinese acupuncture used today. -
Natural vs spiritual - the ancient Greeks were the first to look into the idea of natural causes of illness Dissection - during the ancient times, dissection of the human body went against religious beliefs and was prohibited Hippocrates - Known as the “Father of Medicine” Hippocrates observed the external physique of humans to learn more about things that could possibly cause illnesses. He wrote the Oath of Hippocrates which is the standard for today’s medical ethics. -
Sanitation systems - the since the romans learned form the Greeks that some illnesses were due to lack of sanitation so they created sanitation systems. Medical care- incentive romans were the first to organize medical care. They would send medical supplies and physicians with their armies to tend to wounded soldiers. Hospital developments - ancient Roman physicians would keep rooms in their houses for the ill which is where the idea of the hospital was born. -
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The study of Medicine was stopped after the Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns because the church believed that life and death was all in God’s hands. -
The primary treatment of this time was prayer. -
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Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this time. The Black Death aka bubonic plague killed 60 million people alone. Others were smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
Things like CAT scans and MRIs are important because they allow us to see inside our bodies at our organs, tissues, and skeletal system to accurately identify issues quickly. -
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Universities - the building of universities and medical schools for research Dissection - during this time was the acceptance of dissection Books- the development of the printing press and the publishing of books allowed greater access to knowledge from research. -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and learned about the anatomy of the human body -
Discovered the Fallopian tubes in female anatomy -
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat -
He discovered the circulation of blood and how the heart pumps blood through his knowledge of psychology. -
Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope proving that there is life smaller than the eye can see. He did so by using bacteria from his teeth. -
Engaged in a flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the East. -
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He discovered bifocals, and he brought about the idea that colds could be passed from person to person -
Students would attend lectures in the classroom and laboratory as well and studying patients bedside. They would dissect dead bodies and observe disease processes. -
Discovered the element oxygen and observed that plants refresh air that has lost oxygen. -
He discovered a vaccination for small pox which killed many people before the discovery. -
He invented the stethoscope. The first one was made out of wood and it increased the ability of doctors to hear the heart and lungs. -
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He identified the cause of childbed fever. He found out it was because of the lack of sanitation physicians applied after dissecting dead bodies and before delivering babies. This was the cause of the infections the women had been getting after birth. -
Florence nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. Before this time nursing was considered unsuitable for females. -
He is known as “The father of Microbiology” and he discovered that microorganisms were everywhere and that they causes disease. Before this discovery doctors believe microorganisms were caused by disease. -
Discovered some diseases are caused by microorganisms that we are unable to see with microscopes. These are called viruses. -
Learned about Pasteur’s discovery about infections caused by microorganisms. He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs and became the first doctor to use antiseptic in surgery. -
He developed asepsis and learned from others research that infections are caused by microorganisms. -
Robert Koch discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed the the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
He discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. -
He discovered x-rays. The very first picture he took using the x ray was of his wife’s hand. -
Before anesthesia, surgeons would use things like herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve pain during procedures. -
He found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. This is considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. -
He discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind and studies the effects of the unconscious mind on the body. -
He discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first effective medicine used to kill bacteria. -
Jonas Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine which was more effective in helping people to become immune to poliomyelitis than Jonas Salk s previous discovery. -
They together discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on the double helix. They figured out how DNA is able to replicate itself and how hereditary information is coded on it. -
He performed the first successful heart transplant on a person in 1968. -
He is a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing surgeries on the brain to prevent seizures. -
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Stem cells have brought lots of possibilities into the medical world. They serve almost like a repair system for the body and can develop into any kind of cell after being planted in the human body. -
The 3D printing machines can be used for infinite things in the medical field. They are used to create things anywhere from realistic models to prosthetics for patients in need of them. -
Electronic medical records allow for doctors offices and hospitals to keep efficient and easily access able information and records on patients and clients who are in need of assistance. -
Telemedicine is a way for patients to get treatment for illnesses through electronic information and virtual technologies. This allows for easy and accessible long-distance patient and doctor communication and care. -
VR gives medical students the opportunity to be put in real-life medical situations so that they can practice in the medical environment. This gives us the chance at improving the skills of doctors, nurses, surgeons and many other occupations in the medical field.