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They were superstitious and believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirts. -
They used herbs and plants,some come from foxglove plant,bark from the cinchona trees,belladonna,the poisonous nightshade plant, and the opium poppy. -
Digitalis from the foxglove,quinine comes from the bark of cinchona tree,belladonna and atropine,morphine from the opium plant. -
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Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records. They were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them.During this time priests acted as physicians -
From as early as the Stone Age,were the first to use primitive acupuncture therapies. -
The Greeks were the first to study the causes of disease and to determine that illnesses may have natural rather than spiritual causes.they did not believe in dissection.Hippocrates is considered the father of medicine,hippocrates then wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates. -
Medication used was herbal mixtures and and care was custodial -
The romans were the first to organize medical care.the Roman physician kept a room in their houses just for the ill,that was the begging of hospitals.Roman physicians wore a spiced filled mask to protect them from the infections and they used the sewer darins to take waste away. -
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They believed that life and death was in the hands of god. -
The primary treatment was simply to just pray. -
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The bubonic plague alone killed roughly about 60 million people.other uncontrolled disease included smallpox,dipheria,syphilis,and tuberculosis. -
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They building of universities and medical schools for research.the acceptance of dissection of the body for study.the development of the printing press and the publishing of books allowing greater accesses to knowledge from research. -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
He discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat which was called Eustachian tube. -
He used his knowledge to understand physiology,and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope,establishing that there is life smaller than the eye you can see. -
Pharmacies started in this time,in medieval England these apothecaries engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the east. -
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His discoveries include bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person. -
Students not only attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory ,but also observed patients bedside. -
He discovered the element oxygen.He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost oxygen making it usable for respiration -
He discovered the method of vaccination for smallpox. Smallpox's killed many people in epidemics.His discovery saved millions of lives.His discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health. -
she invented the stethoscope.The first stethoscope was made from wood.It increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs. -
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attracted well-educated,dedicated women to the Nighingale school of nursing.The graduates from this school raised the standards of nursing and nursing became a respectable profession. -
He identified the cause of childbed fever(puerperal fever).A large amount of women died from this fever after giving birth. Physicians would go to the "dead room"and dissected dead bodies.The physicians did not wash their hands or change their aprons before they delivered the babies.There hands were dirty and they infected women. -
He was Known as the "Father Of Microbiology".he discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere.Through his experiments and studies,he proved that microorganisms cause disease.Before this discovery,doctors thought that microorganism were created by disease.He also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria. Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk.We still use this method to treat milk today.He created vaccine for rabies in 1885. -
That some diseases are caused by microorganism that cannot be seen microscope.They are called viruses. These viruses were not studied until electron microscope was invented in Germany.Some of the diseases that were caused by viruses are,poliomyelitis,rabies,measles,Influenza,chicken pox,German measles,Herpes zoster,mumps. -
He learned about Pasteur's discovery that microorganisms cause infections.He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection.He became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.Using antiseptic during surgery helped prevent infection in the incision. -
He developed asepsis. He knew from Lister's and Pasteur's research that grems caused infections in wounds.He developed a method to keep an area germ free before and during surgery.This was the beginning of asepsis. -
He discovered many disease-causing organisms.He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.He also introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. -
Discovered the affect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms.His treatment was effective against some microorganisms but was not effective in killing other bacteria.His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease.In his search to find a chemical to treat syphilis,he completed 606 experiments.on the 606th experiment,he found a treatment that worked. -
He discovered x-rays in 1895.He took the very first picture using x-rays of his wife's hand.His discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and helped them discover what was wrong with the patient. -
Surgery was preformed without anesthesia.Early physicians used herbs,hashish,and alcohol to help relive the pain of the surgery.They even chocked patients to cause unconsciousness to stop the pain. -
Found the penicillin killed life threatening bacteria.The discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century.Before Penincillin was discovered people died of illnesses that we considered curable today,including pneumonia,gonorrhea,and blood poisoning. -
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind.He studied the effects of the unconscious mind on the body.He determined that the mind and the body work together.This led to an understanding of psychosomatic illness.His Studies studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
Discovered sulfonamide compounds.These compounds were the first medications effective in killing deadly diseases -
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis.This virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year.It seemed to attack the most active and athletic people.It was a feared disease,and the discovery of the vaccine saved many people from death or crippling. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine,which is more effective.This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against this dreaded disease. -
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA,based on its known double helix. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it.This set the stage for the rapid advances in molecular biology that continue to this day.In 1962 they won the Noble prize in medicine for this discovery. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968 -
continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies,surgery's on the brain to stop seizures -
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The ability to transplant organs from the donor to a recipient,The ability to use noninvasive techniques techniques for diagnosis,The advancement in caring for the unborn fetus,the ability to reattach severed body parts,The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research.