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Supernatural spirits -
They used herbs and plants as medicines. -
Digitalis: they come from the foxglove plant, it is given as a pill or by injections
Quinine: it comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. It helps fevers, muscle pain.
Belladonna and atropine: they are made from a poisonous nightshade plant, it relieves muscle spasms.
Morphine: it’s made from opium poppy, it is an very effective medication for curing severe pain. -
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The people to keep the most accurate health records were the Egyptians. The Egyptians learned how to identify diseases. -
The physicians use medicines to heal diseases. -
They healed with leeches. Leaches main job is to drain blood because pulled blood around a wound can threaten the healing of the tissue, leeches are being used to restore blood circulation and treatment to help heal skin. -
People from the early Stone Age were the first people to use the primitive acupuncture. The early medical pioneers learned to treat a lot of different illnesses and diseases with stone tools. It is still in common use today -
Physicians had a mission, and were housed in sacred temples of healing and they were the first to study the causes of diseases. They then discovered that illnesses may have natural, rather than spiritual causes. -
In ancient times, religious custom didn’t allow bodies to be dissected -
Hippocrates took careful notes on signs and symptoms of diseases not caused by supernatural forces. -
Sanitation system brought clean water into their cities by a way of waterways and they built sewers to carry out waste -
The romans sent medical equipment and physicians with their armies to care for wounded soldiers. -
A hospital was one room for the ill and physicians were paid by the Roman government. -
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The study of medicine was stopped because the church believed that life and death was in gods hands. -
The primary treatment was prayer -
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Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period. Vaccines help control the disease. -
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The renaissance period saw the rebirth of learning.
-the building of university’s and medical schools for research
-the acceptance of dissection of the body for study
-development of printing press and books, allows access to knowledge from research -
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He studied and recorded the human body, and he also made sculptures and showed small details in the body. -
Gabriele fallopius discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy -
Bartolommeo Eustachio Discovered the Eustachian tube ( tube leading from the ear to the throat -
He used his knowledge to understand physiology, and he described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope. He established that there is life smaller than what we’re seeing, he scraped his teeth and put it under the microscope and found bacteria that causes tooth decay. -
Apothecaries In early pharmacies, in midieval England engaged a trade in drugs and spices from the east -
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Benjamin franklins discovered bifocals, and he also found that colds can get passed from one person to another -
Students attended lectures in classrooms and laboratory’s but they also observed patients at bedside. When one of the patients died, they would dissect the body and they observed the disease process -
Joseph Priestley Discovered the element oxygen and he also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen -
Edward Jenner Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. His discovery saved millions of peoples life’s -
Rene Laennec Invented the stethoscope. It increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs that allowed to determine if the disease was prevented -
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Florence Nightingale is a caring nurse and leader -
Ignaz Semmelweis identified the cause of childbed fever -
Louis Pasteur Is known as the father of microbiology and discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere -
Dmitri Ivanovski is a Russian microbiologist who did studys of mosaic disease in tobacco, first detailed many of the characteristics of the organisms that came to be known as viruses. -
Joseph Lister Learned about pasteurs discovery that microorganisms cause infection -
Ernst von Bergmann developed asepsis. He knew that germs cause infection -
Robert Koch discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens -
Paul Ehrlich was a German medical scientist known for his pioneering work in hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy and for his discovery of the first effective treatment for syphilis -
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays. -
Before the 19th century pain was very serious. Surgery was performed on patient without anesthesia and instead they used herbs, hashish, add alcohol to relieve the pain of the surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming found out that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria -
Sigmund Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious part of the mind he also studied the effects of the unconscious mind on the body -
Gerhard Domagk discovered sulfanilamide compounds -
Jonas Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin used a real life polio virus vaccine which is way more effective -
Francis Crick and James Watson discover the molecular structure of DNA based on its known double helix -
Christian Barnard performed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson it’s a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispheretomies -
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1: HIV treatment
2: functional MRI
3: controlling heart disease
4: targeted therapy and cancer treatment
5: telemedicine