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Oct 7, 1400
First Occupants- Use of Land/ Environment and Trading Patterns
ECONOMY AND DEVELOPPMENT -10000-1608 –The Iroquois used the land to farm; The Algonkians hunted and fished. The development of these economies formed alliances and conflicts amounst the different tribes. When the French later arrived in New France they were exposed to these conflicts and eventually became alliances with the Algonkians and enemies with the Iroquois. -
Oct 7, 1400
First Occupants
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT -10000-1608 -Aboriginal people lived in St. Lawrence region; The Iroquois were farmers, lived in semi permanent settlements on the St. Lawrence valley, in villages of 1500-2000 inhabitants, in a matriarchal society. The Algonkians were nomadic hunters, lived in the Canadian Shield and Appalachians, in camps of approximatey 15 people in the winters, and 100 during the summers , in a Patriarchal society. -
Jul 1, 1500
1500's European Exploration Voyages
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT- Jacques Cartier explored the Canadian coast: In 1534 he explored The Gulf of St. Lawrence; In 1535 he reached Stadacona; In 1541 he was unsuccessful in attempting to set up a colony. Jacques Cartier took possession of the territory in the name of the king of France by planting a cross on the shores of the Gaspé in 1534. First contact with Aboriginal people in the St. Lawrence Region. -
French Regime- Establishment of Settlements
POPULATION + SETTLEMENT 1608 Samuel de Champlain established the first successful trading post located in Quebec City. In 1634 Laviolette established the Trois rivières settlement. In 1642 Ville Marie was originally set up as a settlement by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve to evangelize the Amerindians. Ville Marie became a trading post because of its strategic location. In 1627 the Seigneuries start. By 1760 99% of the population were French settlers; New France was small in size and population -
Fur Trade Centered Economy
ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT – During the French Regime, 1608-1760, New France’s economy was based on the Fur Trade; Mercantilist policies were set where the sole purpose was to export resources (furs) to France; As such, in 1627, the King granted a monopoly of 100 Associates Company, to be established. Coureurs de bois formed to trade with the Amerindians. -
French Regime: Evangelization of the Amerindiens
CULTURE CURRENTS OF THOUGHT 1608-1760 The Clergy tried to convert Amerindians to Catholicism and assimilate them into a French culture. Examples of this are: Maisonneuve establishes a chapel and a small settlement in Ville-Marie, Jeanne Mance sets up the first hospital and Marguerite Bourgeoys establishes the first school. -
Colony based thinking versus exploitation of the fur trade
CULTURE + CURRENTS OF THOUGHTS There were two different types of thinking that emerged: They King, religious orders and coloniers were trying to create a society similar to France. This type of colonial society called for farmers to live in a seigniorial system, priests, soldiers, administrators, women and artisans. On the other hand, the exploitation of the Fur Trade required male merchants, coureurs de bois, independant traders and company agents. Settlers were not in the interest of fur trade -
Jean Talon immigration policies to encourage settlement
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT – To stimulate population growth: Carigan-Salières Soldiers were offered free land if they stayed in New France after completion of their service; In 1665 many Filles de Roi arrived; Incentives were set up to have many children. JT’s policies were successful in growing the population dramatically. -
Royal Governement under Louis XIV
OFFICIAL POWER AND COUNTER POWER – In an effort to deal with the failing population and political situation, The King ends the monopoly company and has the Minister of Marine (Jean Baptiste Colbert) implement a Royal Government. Under his authority, there is a Governor, Intendant, Sovereign Council, Bishop and a Captain of Militia. -
Conquest of New France
OFFICIAL POWER AND COUNTER POWER: Four Colonial wars are stemmed from Britain and France being at war in Europe. In North America , The Seven Year War, 1756-1763, ends in 1759 at The Plains of Abraham, with the French surrendering . The Articles of Capitualtion (1760) are set in place until in the Treaty of Paris is signed in 1762, ending the Seven Years War in Europe with Britain victorious. -
Royal Proclamation (end of 7 years war)
OFFICIAL POWER AND COUNTER POWER – The takeover of New France by the British is a result of the end of the Seven Year War. The Royal Proclamation of the British stipulates: the name change of New France to ‘ The Province of Quebec’; decreased borders around St. Lawrence River; English criminal and civil law put in place; implementation of THe Township System ; no new Bishop allowed and no rights for Roman Catholics to hold office. -
Quebec Act
OFFICIAL POWER +COUNTER POWER-Due to the high percentage of French population, Governor James Murray finds The Royal Proclamation unworkable. He bends the rules for the French and is recalled. In 1766 Guy Carleton is still tolerant towards the French because he wants their loyalty as he is concerned about American Independence. He creates The Quebec Act which calls for: French Canadian Loyalty; enlargement of Quebec’s area; reinstatement of French civil laws, the tithe and seigniorial system -
American Revolution
OFFICIAL POWER AND COUNTER POWER 1783 The American Revolution ends with the British signing the Treaty of Paris. This defeat triggers British Loyalists to settle in Quebec. The British Loyalists who are used to English Civil Laws and elected assemblies, unhappy with the political system in Quebec, petition Britain for change in the political system in the Province of Quebec. -
American Revolution -> Loyalist Influx
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT – A Large influx of Loyalists (English) come to live in French dominated colony (1%-10%). In fact, 36000 loyalists came to Canada and 6000 came to Quebec.
