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Comprised various historical policies that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia.
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Was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War 1. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on the 28th of June 1919.
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Pope Pius XI (1922 - 1939)
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Was the mass murder of approximately 6 million Jews during WWII by Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler. Nazi target: Homosexuals, disabled, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Gypsies
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Nuremburg laws: exclude Jews from public life. German Jew stripped of citizenship and prohibited intermarriage Jews and Germans.
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Japanese wanted to expand its empire in Asia in Manchuria and China
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Violence, damage, looting to Jews and their property. 30 000 Jews arrested and taken to concentration camps.
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Pope Pius XII (1939 - 1958)
Diplomat not radical preacher -
Was the beginning of WWII
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The Catholic Church and the Cold War:
• Pope Pius XII: 1939-1958 -
Bombing of Pearl Harbour by Japanese
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Impacts on Australia: Immigration post WWII:From 1945 ‘Populate of Perish’. Large numbers of displaced European migrants accepted into Australia bringing Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant religious beliefs with them. A new plurality of Christianity emerged.
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Plurality of Christianity - In the 15 Years After WWII:
Australia Post 1945:
• Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox
• Russian Catholics and Orthodox
• German Catholics and Orthodox
• Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian Catholic and Orthodox
• Yugoslavian Catholics
• English, Scottish and Irish Catholic and Protestants
• Hungarian Catholics
• Greek Orthodox and Catholic
• Maltese Catholics
• Italian Catholics
• Polish Catholic -
Impacts on Australia: Immigration post WWII:
From 1945 ‘Populate of Perish’. Large numbers of displaced European migrants accepted into Australia bringing Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant religious beliefs with them. A new plurality of Christianity emerged. -
Cold War 1945-1980
- Relationship between U.S.A and U.S.S.R (Russia and other countries {now independent} also known as Soviet Union)
- Never actually fought each other – fought for beliefs
- Cuban Missile Crisis, Korea, Vietnam, Hungary, Berlin Wall.
- Weapons of mass destruction = Worry Issue -
Korean War: 1950-1953
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Vietnam War: 1954-1975
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Hungarian Uprising: 1956
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The Catholic Church and the Cold War:
• Blessed John XXIII: 1958-1963 -
- August 13th 1961 – Border in Berlin shut off, barbed wire
- August – 16 Concrete wall replaced barbed wire
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Cuban Missile Crisis: October 1962
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The Catholic Church and the Cold War:
• Paul VI: 1963-1973 -
White Australia Policy and Multiculturalism
1973 – White Australia is replaced by a policy of ‘Multiculturalism’ -
The Catholic Church and the Cold War:
• John Paul I: 1978 -
The Catholic Church and the Cold War:
• John Paul II: 1978-2005 -
Afghanistan: Invaded in 1979
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9th November 1989 – Berlin wall fell (wall was not completely torn down immediately)