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Muhammad was born in Mecca on ca. 570 C.E.
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Laylat al-Qadr or Night of Power is when Allah shows Muhammad the first verse of the Quran.
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Muhammad died in Medina on ca. 632 C.E. of sickness. The religion was split into two groups: Sunni and Shi'a. The Sunni believed he did not name a successor. While the Shi'a thinks he named Ali as successor.
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By ca. 641 C.E. the Arab armies, who practiced Islam, invaded and gained control of Syria, Palestine, and Egypt.
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Umar was murdered in 644 C.E. He made many contributions such as the pilgrimmage to Mecca, observance of Ramadan, and punishment of adultery and drunkenness.
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The third caliph Uthman's assination led to Islam's first civil war between the Khariji and the Murjiyah.
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The Muslim dynasty, Abbasid Caliphate, moved the capitol to Baghdad. After a full century, the Abbasid Caliphate experienced a period of positive growth.
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In ca. 1099 C.E. Christian Crusaders invaded Jerusalem but was repelled by Muslim armies.
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In ca. 1258 C.E. the Mongols captured Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid Caliph. There were more Islamic empires but none came close to the Abbasid Caliphate's level of power.
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In 1492 the Spanish Muslim kingdoms in Granada were taken over by Spain, ruled by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
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Umar ibn Al-Khattab created the Hijrah Calender which determines the beginning and end of a month through the lunar cycle.
