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Edward Jenner developed smallpox vaccine
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William Roentgen discovered x-rays/
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Clara Borton founded the American Red Cross
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Karl Landsteiner discovers the existence of different human blood types
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Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer’s disease
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Willem Einthoven discovers electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
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Willem Einthoven discovers electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
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Paul Ehrlich develops a chemotherapeutic cure for sleeping sickness.
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Paul Ehrlich develops the first antimicrobial agent, salvarsan. An arsenic-based drug, it proves to be an effective treatment for syphilis
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Archibald Garrod discovers that some diseases are caused by genes and therefore inherited.
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Marie Curie isolated radium
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William Bateson and Reginald Punnet first map a gene to a chromosome
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Paul Dudley White, MD, one of America's first cardiologists, pioneers the electrocardiograph as a diagnostic tool.
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German physician Emil von Behring develops the first successful vaccine for diphtheria
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Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets
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Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulin
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Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
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Willem J. Kolff builds the first dialysis machine.
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Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine.
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American physician and researcher Thomas Starzl performs the first human liver transplant.
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American surgeon James Hardy performs the first human lung transplant.
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Frank Pantridge installs the first portable defibrillator.
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A rubella vaccine developed by researcher Maurice Hilleman is licensed.
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Surgeon Bruce Reitz performs the first successful heart-lung transplant; it also is the first time a lung is transplanted.
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The first brain surgery is performed using a computerized robotic arm, invented by medical researcher Yik San Kwoh.
