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Yogurt and cheese made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa
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Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox.
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Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.
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Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.
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Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identifacation.
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Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens
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Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccine abd used it on Joseph Meister.
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Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, fist uses the word biotechnology
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Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria leading to the firat antibiotic; penillin.
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James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the stucture of DNA.
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Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer preform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment, using bacterial genes.
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The U.S. for patent gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.
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Humulin, Genetech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the food and drug administration.
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The polymerase China Reaction technique is conceived.
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First federally approved gene therapy treatment is preformed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.
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The United States Food and Drug Administration approves first GM food: the "Flavr Savr" Tomato.
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British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the Sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells.
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Completion of a "rough draft" of the human genome in the [Human Genome Project].
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The Human Genome Project is completed, providing information on the locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes.
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Bt-toxin-resistant caterpillar-cum-moth, Helicoverpa zea, is found feasting on GMO Bt cotton crops in the southern United States.
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Japanese astonomers launched the first Medical Experiment Module called "Kibo" , to be used on the International space station.
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Research in eastern Quebec finds Bt toxins in the blood of pregnant women and shows evidence that the toxin is passed to fetuses.
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French farmer Paul Francois sues Monsanto for chemical poisoning he claims was caused by its pesticide Lasso, part of the Roundup Ready line of products. Francois wins and sets a new precedent for future cases.
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Monsanto’s patent on the Roundup Ready line of genetically engineered seeds will end in two years. In 2009, Monsanto introduced Roundup 2 with a new patent set to make the first-generation seed obsolete.
