Expansion of Medieval Kingdoms

Uniting England and Normandy

Jan 1, 1066

William of Normandy defeats the English king Harold, ends the Anglo-Saxon rule of England and unites England and Normandy. Holy Roman Empire

Expansion

Period: Jan 1, 1100 to Jan 1, 1500

Hundred Years War

Jan 1, 1137

1337 - 1443 - Hundred Years' War with England, this was a war ultimately won by the English, was very vloody and at times it was at a stalemate to the point that no one would win anything but more and more people would be killed. This was devestating to France as the economy Crashed and it was ultimately taken over by England after the war- France

Portugal its own Country

Jul 26, 1139

In 1139, the ruler of Portugal county, Afonso Henriques won a battle over the Moors, and declared Portucale a separate kingdom, with himself as king. IN 1179 the pope recognized Portugal as a separate Kingdom
-Portugal

Second Crusade

Jan 1, 1147

1147 Second Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France. This shows the early involvement of France as a unified nation fighting in a war for a cause they believed in. This set the tone that France was not a good country to be enemies with.- France

Siege of Lisbon

Jul 1, 1147

The Siege of Lisbon begins, after the armies of King Afonso I of Portugal were joined by the crusaders.- Portugal

Thomas Becket

May 23, 1162

Becket was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Hoping that Becket would be loyal to him, Henry II wanted to have Becket to be a pupet for him in the church. However, Becket took his job very seriously and infact went on to diaprove of the king, his actions and lords that were lose to the King. Becket would later be killed after Henry II has three Knights kill him. -England
England

German Ruler

Oct 21, 1209

1208: pope Innocent III recognizes Friedrich II as legitimate ruler of Germany over emperor Otto IV Holy Roman Empire

Magna Carta

Jun 15, 1215

1215 - Signing of Magna Carta; English barons force John to agree to a statement of their rights. This limited the King's power and ensured basic rights to people under the law.
-England

Excommunication

Jan 1, 1227

Roman Emperor Frederick II was first excommunicated by the Catholic Pope because his growing empire threatened the independence of the papal states. Furthered a gap between the church and the crown Holy Roman Empire

Democratic Beginnings

Jan 1, 1257

German princes establish an electoral college to elect the Holy Roman Emperor This is an early repesentation of Democracy in the middle ages. Holy Roman Empire

Portugal ends Reconquista

Jan 1, 1272

Afonso III conquers Faro from the Moors, thus removing all Muslim communities from Portuguese soil and ending the Portuguese Reconquista.-Portugal

Hapsburg Dynasty

Sep 29, 1273

Rudolf I, King of Germany and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He founded the Hapsburg dynasty Holy Roman Empire

Cementing Borders

Jan 1, 1279

Dinis signs a treaty with Ferdinand IV of Castile to define the borders between Portugal and Castile. Portugal no longer values conquering territory, they begin to focus on their own internal well being, economy and trading they are the first European Country to generally stop conquering territories at this time- Portugal

Parliament

Nov 13, 1295

Model Parliament of Edward I : knights and burgesses from English shires and towns summoned. First representative parliament in England
England

Extermination of the Knight's Templar

Jan 1, 1307

The Knights Templar are rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope- The knights templar who had helped in the crusades were eseentially betrayed by the French Crown here
-France

Capetian Dynasty

Jan 1, 1307

The House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328. This long dynasty determined how French Kings were chosen and how they would generally

Battle of Crecy

Aug 13, 1346

Edward III of England invades France with a large army and defeats an even bigger army under Philip VI at the Battle of Crecy. This shows the motivation of England to expand,
England

Anarchy and Crisis

Apr 15, 1383

In Portugal Civil war and political anarchy breaks out from 1383-1385, The crisis of '83-'85- Portugal

King of England and France

Oct 21, 1422

Henry VI of England crowned king of France in Paris. After hundreds of Years finally England gains control of France giving a whole new level of power to the country. At this point, it is the most powerful country in the world.
-England

Joan of Arc Burned

May 30, 1431

Joan of Arc burned as a witch at Rouen, she received no help from the French Crown as was burned at the stake, she was won of the most successful leaders of th Hundred years War
-France

Spanish Inquisition

Sep 27, 1480

An inquisition was created to combat heresy and religious differences, this included torture and forcing Jews and Musims to convert to Christianity.

Jews Expelled

Mar 31, 1492

Jews were expelled from Spain by the Alhambra Decree. Religious differences were not tolerated in Spain in the middle ages. Spain

Spanish Colonization of the Americas

Jan 1, 1493

Spanish colonization of the Americas began. This shows Spain's need to branch out their territory and conquer, while their neighbor Portugal was already finished. They wanted more land and resources.- Spain

Treaty of Tordesillas

Jun 7, 1494

Divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian 370 leagues. This helped split up the newly discovered continents- Spain

Italian and Spanish War

Jan 1, 1499

Ferdinand allied with the French King Louis XII of France. Was one of the first times that Spain allied with France, this helped create international relations between the countries. Lasted until 1504- Spain