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The first caliphs were members of Muhammad's family.
They controlled the Arabian Peninsula
They defeated the Byzantine Empire ( Syria ,Palestine and Egypt )
And they subdued Neo-Persian Empire ( Mesopotamia and Persia ) -
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The caliph passed to Umayyad dynasty ( capital Damascus )
They reached: Samarkand, India and Iberian Peninsula. -
After a civil war , the caliph passed to Abbasid dynasty ( capital : Baghdad )
Between 8th and 10th century was the golden age of the Caliphate After that it went to decline
