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Oct 15, 1497
John Cabot
Start of the Fishing Industry -
Oct 15, 1534
Cartier's first voyage
Landed in P E I
Sailed up the St Lawrence
Conflicts with the Iroquois (Donnacona) -
Oct 16, 1535
Cartier's 2nd voyage
Attempt at spending winter in Canada (starvation/cold/scurvy)
Captured more 1st nations
Discovered NF was an island
Charted the St Lawrence -
Oct 16, 1541
Cartier Roberval
Jean-Francois Roberval
Failed attempt to colonize 150. 200 (total 300 settlers)
Due to weather and conflict with the 1st nations
1541-43 -
Oct 16, 1576
1st Frobisher Expedition
Martin Frobisher tries and fails to find a northwest passage. -
Tadoussac
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St Croix
Pierre Du Gua de Monts tried and failed to settle, left in 1604 -
Founding of Port Royal
Capital of Acadia.
Established by Champlain. -
Founding of Jamestown (In Virginia)
First permanent settlement after the disappearance of the Roanoke colony in 1590. -
Founding of Quebec
Location controlled access to the interior.
The access to the riverways (the Fur-Trade) -
Henry Hudson
His crew mutinies against him. -
Etienne Brule
Conflict between the Hurons/French and the Iroquois.
French victories at the Battle of Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River. Etienne Brule= 1st coureur de bois. Deepens the bonds between the French and the Hurons. -
Jean De Brebeuf
Jesuit-Huron relations. The relationship is initially cordial, however it sours with the rise of european epidemics. However the number of conversions increase after 1640.
Only Catholics could own guns. -
The Company of 100 Associates
Private investements. (Including Cardinal Richelieu).
Arrival of 4000 settlers
Rise of the fur trade. -
Capture of Quebec
English seize Tadoussac (1627)
Capture Quebec (1629) Champlain surrenders
The St Lawrence is closed off from France until 1632 -
Acadia and Quebec return to France
New France was returned to France in an agreement that forced Louis XIII to pay Charles I of England 1 million livres which was previously owed. Champlain returns to power. -
Founding of Trois-Riviere
As the name suggests, situated at the crossroad of rivers. -
Founding of Montreal.
Originally called Ville-Marie.
Center of the fur trade.
First Established in 1611 -
The Seigneurs and the Habitants.
Population app 600 Seigneurs Obligations:
Maintain manor house, manage land/settlers, settle minor disputes.Provide a mill.
Censitaires Obligations:
Responsible for the land granted to them and mandated to improve it. Paying Cens and Rentes. Pay for the use of the mill with flour, (1/14). Required to dedicate an amount of time every year to do unpaid labour for the Seigneurs. -
Period: to
The Beaver Wars
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Iroquois attacks
Jesuits are killed and tortured (Jean de Brebeuf, Gabriel Lalement)
The fall of Huronia. Iroquois advantages: They had guns from the Dutch and the British. Guerilla warfare. Why: Longstanding conflict between both tribes. The Iroquois population was diminished. Aftermath: The fall of Huronia led to a massive power vacum. The Coureurs de Bois spread inland and became the new intermediaries. -
Arrival of the Sulpicians
Religious groups at this point The Recollets
Jesuits
The Ursulines
The Sulpicians. -
New France
Jean Colbert. Laval -
New France Becomes a Province
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Jean Talon
The first intendant. Hierarchy= The company->The Intendant->Seigneurs->Censitaires.
-> Religious groups. Jean Talon's mandate was to turn New France into a self sustaining colony. -
The Carignan Saliere Regiment
Dispatched by Louis the XIV. Defeat the five nations and force their retreat in 1666 and 1667. Comte de Frontenac was involved. -
Founding of HBC
Radisson et Grosellier. Could not get Frech investors. Sided with the British. Rupert's land. HBC controlled all the waterways which flowed into the Hudson Bay. -
Comte de Frontenac
Governor general
Supported expansion of the fur trade.
Permitted the selling of alcohol to 1st nations. (Bishop Laval opposed this)
Defended Quebec from a british/Iroquois invasion in 1690. Important counterparts William Phips) -
Expansion along the Mississippi River
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Louisianna
Robert Cavelier La Salle -
Iroquois Raids
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King William's war
Sir William Phips captures Port Royal.
Frontenac keeps Quebec -
Queen Anne's War
+Decline of the fur trade -
Grande Paix de Montreal
It ended a hundred years of conflicts between the Iroquois and the French. This peace lasted for sixteen years. -
Vaudreuil
Phillipe Vaudreuil becomes governor general.
Conflict against the fox nation, inciting other tribes to attact them.
The fox nation was forgiven in 1737 -
The british recapture Acadia
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Period: to
The Fox Resistance
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Treaty of Utrecht
Ceded claims to Rupert's land
And gave up Acadia. -
Fort Louisbourg is built
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Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye
Built trading posts along Lake Winnipeg, and the Saskatchewan river. Solidifying French control onto the interior. British counterpart=Henry Kelsey. -
Marie Joseph Angelique
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Period: to
King George's war
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Battle of Grand Pre
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Treaty of Aix de Chapelle
Ended the war of Spanish succession (Europe).
Returned Louisbourg to New France
New England had captures it in 1745 -
Fort Halifax
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Edward Cornwallis
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Anthony Henday
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George Washington
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Deportation of the Acadians
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Marquis de Montcalm
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Period: to
The Seven Years War
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Fall of Louisbourg + William Pitt
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The Plains of Abraham
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Martial Law
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Proclamamation of 1763
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End of Pontiac's Rebellion
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James Murray +the Stamp Act
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Guy Carlton
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The Quebec Act 1774
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American Invasion
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American Independence
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The Northwest Company
A group of montreal traders who merged and began to compete against the HBC. -
American Independence is recognized
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Constitutional Act 1791